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Prelims > Other Therapies > Flashcards

Other Therapies Flashcards

1
Q
  • Method of bringing out change in a client by exploring their feelings, attitude, thinking & behavior
  • involves one-to-one relationship between the therapist & the client which proceeds in three stages: introductory, working & termination phase
  • to be effective, client & therapist must be compatible
A

Individual Psychotherapy

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2
Q

Modes of Individual Therapy

A
  1. Psychoanalysis- tx of neurosis, dis linked with anxiety
  2. Uncovering therapy- uncovering of unconscious conflicts
  3. Hypnotherapy
  4. Reality therapy
  5. Cognitive therapy
  6. Rational-emotive therapy
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3
Q

uses a time-limited, goal-oriented-problem-solving, here-and-now approach. Focus is to solve presenting problem & not on why the problem occurred

A

Brief Cognitive Therapy

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4
Q
  • focus on the modification of overt symptoms without regard to patient’s experience or inner conflicts
  • based on the premise that behavior & responses are learned & may be relearned
A

Behavior Therapy

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5
Q
  • Assessment focuses on client’s relationship with family
  • the therapist reinforces client’s self-esteem, goal focused approach, supports positive use of defense mechanism & coping skills
A

Brief Interpesonal Pschotherapy

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6
Q
  • Clients participate in sessions with group of people who share a common purpose & are expected to contribute to the group to benefit others & to receive benefit from others in return
  • There are always rules to be followed by the members like in confidentiality, attendance, punctuality, social contact between group members outside of group time
A

Group Therapy

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7
Q

for members to learn their behaviour & make positive changes in their behavior

A

Pschotherapy Groups

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8
Q

client & their family participates for the goal is to understand how family dynamics contribute to the client’s psychopathology, mobilizing the family’s inherent strength & resources, restructure the family’s maladaptive behaviour styles, strengthen family’s problem solving behaviour

A

Family Therapy

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9
Q

its goal is to provide information on specific issues like assertiveness training, anger management, etc

A

Educational Groups

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10
Q
  • to help members who share a
    common problem cope with the problem. Unlike in Psychotherapy groups, members are encouraged to contact each other
  • members may express feelings of frustration, boredom, unhappiness, etc in a safe place, and may discuss potential solutions to their problems
A

Support Groups

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11
Q

Members share a common experience; not so formal or structured

A

Self Help Group

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12
Q
  • Physical interventions that produce behavioral changes
  • based on the belief that ‘if the cause of the mental problem is biologic in nature, then a biologic treatment will be effective
A

Somatic Therapy

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13
Q
  • First introduced by Cerletti & Bini in 1937
  • a procedure which involves the application of the electrical stimulus through the electrodes placed on the client’s temples or on the forehead just between each eye, & inducing a grand-mal seizure
A

Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT)

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14
Q

Frequency of ECT

A

6-12 Rx 2-3 x/wk. If no improvement after 12 ECTs, don’t continue ECT

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15
Q

Contraindication of ECT

A
  1. Recent MI
  2. Glaucoma
  3. Extremely loose teeth
  4. Severe Osteoporosis
  5. Congestive Heart Failure
  6. Retinal detachment
  7. Severe Pulmonary Disease
  8. Thrombophlebitis
  9. Pregnancy
  10. Recent CVA
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16
Q

Pre-Procedure

A
  1. Explain the procedure to the patient
  2. Signed informed consent form (patient, next of kin)
  3. Instruct to be on NPO 4-8hrs prior to treatment
  4. Baseline vital signs
  5. Let patient void
  6. Remove dentures, jewelleries, etc.
  7. Administer pre-op meds- Atropine Sulfate or Rubinol to minimize secretions & prevent
    aspiration & vagal bradycardia in response to
    electrical stimulants
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17
Q

Administer pre-op meds- ___ to minimize secretions & prevent aspiration & vagal bradycardia in response to electrical stimulants

A

Atropine Sulfate or Rubinol

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18
Q

During the Procedure

A
  1. Insert IV line
  2. Check vital signs. Leave BP cuff on one of the arms for constant BP monitoring
  3. Place pulse oximeter
  4. Administer meds as ordered
    * Pentothal- short-acting anaesthetic
    * Succinylcholine- muscle relaxant; prevents external manifestations of 13randma seizures thus preventing fracture
  5. Mouth guard, or bite block to prevent biting of the tongue
  6. 100% Oxygen administered
    * About 150 volts of electrical stimuli is administered in not more than 2 seconds. The seizure should last 30-60 seconds
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19
Q

short-acting anaesthetic

A

Pentothal

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20
Q

muscle relaxant; prevents external manifestations of 13randa seizures thus preventing fracture

A

Succinylcholine

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21
Q

About ___ of electrical stimuli is administered in not more than ___ seconds. The seizure should last ___.

A

150 volts, 2, & 30-60 seconds

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22
Q

Post Procedure

A
  1. Continue ventilation & monitoring until the patient regains consciousness & vital signs stable
  2. Transport pt to room for monitoring & where emergency equipments are within easy reach
  3. Once awake, talk to the patient, reorient, check VS
  4. Ensure that swallowing & gag reflex has returned before giving food or fluids.
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23
Q

Side Effects of ECT

A
  • Headache
  • Temporary memory disturbance or loss
  • Incoherence, disorientation
  • Fluctuating level of consciousness
24
Q

These symptoms may last few minutes to one hour. Memory loss may last for months. ___ may be required to stabilize signs & symptoms.

A

Diazepam lV

25
Q
  • Surgical procedure which involves severing fibers connecting one part of the brain to another, or destroying brain tissues
A

Psychosurgery

26
Q

Known as ___. ___holes are drilled on the
frontal aspect of the skull. Then ___ of absolute alcohol is introduced at the brain’s central ovale

A

Lobotomy, 2 holes, & .2cc

27
Q

Indications of Psychosurgery

A
  1. Depression & anxiety
  2. Depression related to pain
  3. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
  4. Aggression
28
Q

First used in 1933 by Manfred Sakel after accidentally discovering that giving too much insulin reduces psychotic symptoms

A

Insulin Coma Therapy (ICT)

29
Q
  • Action oriented process, with the primary purpose of promoting adaptation & productivity in order to minimize pathology & promote the maintenance of health
  • Also known as expressive, experiential or activity therapies
  • Includes occupational therapy, music therapy, art therapy, psychodrama, dance/movement therapy & recreational therapy
  • Its intention is for the client to increase awareness of feelings, behavior, perception, cognition & sensation
A

Adjunct Therapy

30
Q
  • ’The application of goal-oriented, purposeful activity, in the assessment & treatment of individuals with psychological, physical or developmental disabilities’ (AOTA, 1972)
  • first developed by Adolf Meyer
  • at first it was just limited to the physically disabled from the World War I and II
  • 1950- it was recognized as an important aspect of treatment especially on illness that impaired social skills
A

Occupational Therapy

31
Q

the goal directed use of time, energy, interest & attention, to foster adaptation & productivity; to minimize pathology; & to promote the maintenance of health’

(Kaplan & Sadock, 1995)

A

Occupation

32
Q

using modalities such as crafts. (Assess pts for level of concentration, impulsivity, frustration tolerance)

A

Task oriented treatment

33
Q

involving self care & maintenance
(hygiene, personal grooming, general health)

A

Living Skills

34
Q

movement groups improve functional performance, increase relaxation, memory & cognition

A

Sensorimotor skills

35
Q

through psycho educational groups (they learn to recognize past maladaptive behaviours & develop effective skills in communication, stress management, adjustment to change, etc.)

A

Independent living skills

36
Q

Conducting interview, interest inventory & supervision of work related task

A

Prevocational assessment

37
Q
  • The use of recreational activities as part of the therapeutic process
  • Its purpose is to increase enjoyment of life, stimulate activity & self expression, enhance socialization & counterbalance self concern,conducted by trained professionals
  • Includes activities such as arts & craft, audiovisual activities, dance, hobbies, games & sports, cooking, musical activities, special interest programs, nature & outing activities, etc.
A

Recreational Therapy

38
Q

to create again or refresh oneself, through play, amusement or relaxation

A

Recreation

39
Q

the use of artistic activities such as painting & clay modeling in psychotherapy & rehabilitation

A

Art Therapy

40
Q

made art to be more appreciated to represent
inner psychologic process when in 1922, he put together a collection of art work from Asylum clients in Europe

A

Hans Prinzhorn

41
Q

described the unconscious & its expression in imagery. He provides clients with paints to recreate their dreams

A

Sigmund Freud

42
Q

suggested that a ‘universal unconsious’ was being communicated in art

A

Karl Jung

43
Q

leaders in formalizing art therapy in the US in 1940s

A

Margaret Naumburg & Edith Kramer

44
Q

Therapist must be careful in selecting the art material or medium. ___ promote regression, while ___ promote defense to regression

A

Finger paints & clay, pencils & marking pens

45
Q

‘science or art of assembling intelligible
combination of tones in organized structured form, with infinitive varieties of expression possible, depending on the relation of its several component factors of rhythm, melody, volume & tonal quality’ (Gaston, 1957)

A

Music

46
Q

the use of music to provide a variety of listening & participatory experience adapted to the needs of the client

A

Music Therapy

47
Q
  • A therapeutic modality in which individuals are encouraged to express emotions, work off tension, develop an improved body image & achieve greater self awareness & social interaction through rhythmic exercises & response to music’ (Goldenson, 1984)
  • the use of movement to promote increased
    awareness of the body & changes in feeling states, cognition & behaviour
A

Movement & Dance Therapy

48
Q

a technique in which one individual imitates the behavior pattern of another to show the person how other people perceive & react to him or her

A

Mirroring

49
Q

heightens awareness of physical & emotional state. Increases comfort with movement

A

Warm-up

50
Q

explores specific issues or feelings

A

Theme development stage

51
Q

experience is processed verbally & non-verbally to promote insight & sense of completion

A

Closure

52
Q
  • first developed in 1900 by Jacob L. Moreno who founded the Psychodrama Institute in New York in 1934. He sees people as ‘natural role players’ & believed that health is promoted from the spontaneous expression of diverse roles.
  • a form of therapy in which an individual reenacts life situations in order to examine subjective experiences, promote insight & alter specific behavior patterns
  • it uses dramatic techniques to ‘act out’ the emotional problem
A

Psychodrama

53
Q

members of the group is introduced to each other & the protagonist & situation is chosen

A

Warm up

54
Q

a scene/scenes is portrayed. Action portion.

A

Enactment

55
Q

discussion among the group of the enactment & the individual experiences & reactions to the process

A

Sharing

56
Q

Elements of the Psychodrama

A
  1. Protagonist- the one who acts out his/her
    emotional problem (usually the client)
  2. Auxillary Ego or Alter ego- chosen by the
    protagonist from the group to play the significant others in his/her life
  3. Director or Psycho dramatist
  4. Group- provides observation & support
  5. Doubles- operates as the ‘inner voice’ of the
    protagonist to express, inner thoughts, feelings & conflicts

Prelims (7 decks)

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