Other Terms and Questions for Unit 2

Question 1

Punic Wars

Answer 1

Three wars between Carthage (Punic Empire) and Roman Republic 264 BC - 146 BC.

• 1st Punic War: Fought over control over the strategic islands of Corsica and Sicily.
• 2nd Punic War: Punic general HANNIBAL invaded Italy but eventually lost. Left Rome in control of Mediterranean and much of Spain.
• 3rd Punic War: Resulted in complete destruction of Carthage, enslavement of its people, and solidification of Roman dominance over western Mediterranean

Question 2

Hadrian’s Wall

Answer 2

Built by Emperor HADRIAN across northern Britain to keep out the Picts and Scots.

Question 3

Colosseum

Answer 3

Huge arena finished around AD 80.

• Seated 60,000 people
• Used Roman invention of concrete to get so big

Question 4

Vandals

Answer 4

Germanic invaders

• entered Rome in AD 455
• Spent 12 days stripping Roman buildings of everything valuable, then burning them

Question 5

Hagia Sophia

Answer 5

Magnificent cathedral built by JUSTINIAN to centralize political and religious power.
-Also was important site for artistic life for the Byzantine world.

Question 6

Pantheon

Answer 6

A temple built to honor Rome’s gods. Used VAULTS to create largest domed roof of its time.

Question 7

Etruscans

Answer 7

Etruscans’ culture exposed the Romans to the ideas of the Greeks and new religious practices. The Etruscans taught the Romans both engineering and building skills. They also decisively influenced the classical Roman architectural style.
BUT…
Before Rome became a powerful republic then empire, they were ruled by Etruscan kings. This gave Romans a deep hated for kings. Once they won their independence, the decline of Etruscan influence started.

Question 8

Visigoths

Answer 8

Germanic Tribe, allowed to live inside Roman borders for protection from the Huns.

• Revolted in AD 378 because Romans made them pay too much $$ for food, kidnapped them
• Beat Roman LEGIONS, and gained Roman land as their own.
• Visigoth leader ALARIC captured the city of Rome in AD 410.

Question 9

Justinian’s Code of Law

Answer 9

Byzantine Emperor Justinian reformed the laws, simplified them.

• These codes had great influence over European legal systems for centuries to come, even still today.
• Also influence laws in the USA.

Question 10

Legion/Legionaries

Answer 10

Legion: basic military unit in the ancient Roman army. About 3,000-6,000 soldiers, depending on the era.

Legionaries: soldiers in the Roman Legion.

Question 11

Great Schism

Answer 11

Split that divided European Christian church in two:

1. Western Roman Catholic Church
2. Eastern Orthodox Church

Question 12

What year did Western Roman Empire Fall?

Answer 12

AD 476

Question 13

What were some causes of the fall of Western Roman Empire?

Answer 13

• poor leadership
• declining economy (INFLATION)
• people didn’t trust money so started BARTERING
• attacks by Germanic tribes
• social problems like famine, disease, fewer people went to school

Question 14

Who was emperor when Rome was split into two (Eastern and Western)?

Answer 14

Theodosius

Question 15

Which emperor split the Roman Empire into four parts?

Answer 15

Diocletian

Question 16

What language was spoken in the Roman Empire?

Answer 16

Latin

Question 17

What caused the Great Schism?

Answer 17

1. Disagreements over the use of ICONS in the church
2. Disagreements in how churches were run: Pope said he alone was the head, Byzantines said CONSTANTINOPLE’s patriarch and other bishops were equal to the pope.
3. Pope and CONSTANTINOPLE’s patriarch excommunicated each other in AD 1054.

Question 18

What group influenced the Byzantines?

How was this seen?

Answer 18

??…not sure if they mean Etruscans or Greeks or Christians or what…??

Question 19

What was the name of Constantinople after it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks?

Answer 19

Istanbul