Other Terms Flashcards
Content Meaning
the concrete meaning of the message, and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message and the emotions
Relationship Meaning
what a message conveys about the relationship between the parties
Channel
the means through which a message istransmitted
Noise
any stimulus that can interfere with, or degrade, the quality of a message
Feedback
the response to a message
Communication Ethics
the standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and received
Paradigm
belief system that represents a particular worldview
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
when an individual expects something to occur, the expectation increases the likelihood that it will
Stereotype Threat
process in which reminding individuals of stereotypical expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance
Self-Concept
the understanding of one’s unique characteristics as well as the similarities to, and differences from, others
Perception
the processes of selection, organization, and interpretation of the information we collect through our senses
Selective Attention
consciously or unconsciously attending to just a narrow range of the full array of sensory information available
Interpretation
the act of assigning meaning to sensory information
Instrumental - Function of Language
use of language to obtain what you need or desire
Regulatory - Function of Language
use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others
Informative - Function of Language
use of language to communicate information or report facts
Heuristic/Gain Knowledge - Function of Language
use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding
Interactional Personal Language - Function of Language
use of language to establish and define social relationships
Imaginative - Function of Language
use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively
Messages
the building blocks of communication events
Conversational Rules in Verbal Communication
govern the ways in which communicators organize conversation.
Contextual Rules in Verbal Communication
Communication depending on the setting
Some Influences on Verbal Communication are:
Identity, gender, age, occupation, ethnicity, race, location, education
Cocultural Theory
explores the role of power in daily interactions
Power and Verbal Communication
Attitudes about power can be built into language by certain roots or by the very structure of the language
Hate Speech
use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category
Nonverbal Communication
nonverbal behavior that has symbolic meaning
Nonverbal Behavior
all the nonverbal actions people perform
Some Barriers to Listening are:
Physical, Psychological, Conflicting Objectives, Poor Habits
Diaspora
group of immigrants, sojourners, slaves, or strangers living in new lands while retaining strong attachments to their homelands
Heterogeneous vs Homogenous Culture
diverse vs same
Culture Shock
a feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar environmental cues
Reverse Culture Shock
culture shock experienced by travelers upon returning to their home country
Collectivistic Orientation
a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group
Individualistic Orientation
a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals
Dichotomous Thinking
thinking in which things are perceived as “either/or”—for example, “good or bad,” “big or small,” “right or wrong”
Cocultural Group
a significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communication patterns
Social Penetration Theory
a theory that proposes relationships develop through increases in selfdisclosure
Predicted Outcome Theory
a theory that attempts to explain how reducing uncertainty can lead to attraction or repulsion
Knapp’s Stage Model
model of relationship development that views relationships as occurring in “stages” and that focuses on how people communicate as relationships develop and decline
Turning Point Model
a model of relationship development in which couples move both toward and away from commitment over the course of their relationship
Ending Relationships
Sudden Death or Passing Away
Interpersonal Violence
physical violence against a partner or child
Sexual coercion
physically nonviolent pressure to engage in unwanted sex
Grouphate
the distaste and aversion that people feel toward working in groups
Primary Groups
groups that provide members with a sense of belonging and affection
Secondary Groups
groups that meet principally to solve problems
Group Roles
the shared expectations group members have regarding each individual’s communication behavior in the group
Strategic Communication
communication that is purpose directed
Functional Theory
a theory that assumes leadership behaviors can be learned
Shared Leadership
a type of leadership style where functional leadership is extended to an organizational level; all members are equal partners and share responsibility for the work of the group
Authoritarian Leadership
leader who takes charge, makes all the decisions, and dictates strategies and work tasks
Democratic Leadership
leader whose style is characterized by considerable input from group members
Laissez-faire Leadership
a leadership style characterized by complete freedom for the group in making decisions
Transformational Leadership
a leadership style that empowers group members to work independently from the leader by encouraging group cohesion
Charismatic Leadership
a leadership style in which extremely self-confident leaders inspire unusual dedication to themselves by relying upon their strong personalities and charm
Servant Leadership
a leadership style that seeks to ensure that other people’s highest priority needs are being served in order to increase teamwork and personal involvement
Assimilation
the communicative, behavioral, and cognitive processes that influence individuals to join, identify with, become integrated into, and (occasionally) exit an organization
Organizational Identification
the stage of assimilation that occurs when an employee’s values overlap with the organization’s values
Cyberbullying
the deliberate and repeated misuse of communication technology by an individual or group to threaten or harm others
