Bolded Words

Question 1

Decoding

Answer 1

receiving a message and interpreting its meaning

Question 2

Symbol

Answer 2

something that represents something else and conveys meaning

Question 3

Denotation

Answer 3

the concrete meaning of the message

Question 4

Connotation

Answer 4

describes the meanings suggested by or associated with the message and the emotions triggered by it

Question 5

Identity

Answer 5

who a person is; composed of individual and social categories a person identifies with, as well as the categories that others identify with that person

Question 6

Reflected appraisals

Answer 6

people’s self-images arise primarily from the ways that others view them

Question 7

Social Comparison

Answer 7

We compare ourselves with others in our reference group and decide how we measure up

Question 8

Performance of Identity

Answer 8

the process or means by which we show the world who we think we are

Question 9

Cognitive Representation

Answer 9

the human ability to form mental models, or cognitive maps, of the world we live in

Question 10

Categorization

Answer 10

a cognitive process used to organize information by placing it into larger groupings of information

Question 11

Encoding

Answer 11

process of taking ideas and converting them into messages

Question 12

Impacting Perceptions such as:

Answer 12

Physical Differences, Emotional State, Cognitive Complexity, Power Structure, Cultural Roles

Question 13

Ethnocentrism

Answer 13

the tendency to view one’s own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged

Question 14

Prejudice

Answer 14

experiencing aversive or negative feelings toward a group as a whole or toward an individual because she or he belongs to a group

Question 15

Phonology

Answer 15

the study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning

Question 16

Syntax

Answer 16

the rules that govern word order

Question 17

Semantics

Answer 17

the study of meaning

Question 18

Pragmatics

Answer 18

field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals

Question 19

Disconfirming communication

Answer 19

comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partners

Question 20

Confirming communication

Answer 20

comments that validate positive self-images of others

Question 21

Nonverbal Codes

Answer 21

distinct, organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use

Question 22

Kinesics

Answer 22

nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures, posture, movement, facial expressions, and eye behavior

Question 23

Haptics

Answer 23

the study of the communicative function of touch

Question 24

Listening

Answer 24

the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages

Question 25

Intercultural Communication

Answer 25

communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different

Question 26

Border Dwellers

Answer 26

people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patterns

Question 27

Power Distance

Answer 27

a value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power

Question 28

Attraction Theory

Answer 28

A theory that explains the primary forces that draw people together

Question 29

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Answer 29

a theory that argues relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants’ efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other

Question 30

Trait Theory

Answer 30

leadership theory that suggests that leaders are born

Question 31

Style Theory

Answer 31

theory that asserts that a leader’s manner or style determines his or her success

Question 32

Group Think

Answer 32

a negative, and potentially disastrous, group process characterized by “excessive concurrence thinking”

Question 33

Organizational Culture

Answer 33

a pattern of shared beliefs, values, and behaviors

Question 34

Mass Media

Answer 34

mediated communication intended for large audiences

Question 35

New Media

Answer 35

a collection of mediated communication technologies that are digital and converging and tend to be interactive

Question 36

Social Presence Theory

Answer 36

suggests that face-to-face communication is generally high in this kind of social presence, and that media vary in the amount of social presence they convey

Question 37

Media Richness Theory

Answer 37

theory that describes the potential information-carrying capacity of a communication medium

Question 38

Asynchronicity

Answer 38

communication in which messages are sent and received at different times

Question 39

Digital Divide

Answer 39

inequity of access between the technology “haves” and “have nots”