other systems associated with the ANS

Question 1

other systems involved

Answer 1

• limbic system
• hypothalamus
• reticular formatino
• endocrine system

Question 2

what do the 4 additional systems make up?

Answer 2

limbic-axial brain

Question 3

what is it called limbic axial brain?

Answer 3

• links thinking brain to non-thinking brain
• regulates internal drives, moods, motivation, and visceral activities related to emotion
• unconsciously controls all visceral and somatic functions -related to keeping us alive
• heart, lungs, blood vessels, digestion, reproduction, urogenital

Question 4

limbis system to prefrontal cortex

Answer 4

(decision making/ inhibition)

• link thinking brain with emotional brain
• override emotional, impulsive drives/ intentions
• helps mediate motivation

Question 5

limbic system to temporal lobes

Answer 5

memory formation, storage

Question 6

limbic system to hypothalamus

Answer 6

(automatic, hormonal responses)

• trigger ANS functions
• exert control over endocrine system, appetite, sexuality

Question 7

hypothalamus

Answer 7

KEY PLAYER that has communication with and connections to the 4 systems

Question 8

what does the hypothalamus control in ANS

Answer 8

• sexual activity
• GI tract activity
• respiration, BP, pulse rate, temperature, electrolytes/fluids, metabolism, food intake
• endrocrine system via pituitary gland

Question 9

hypothalamus inputs

Answer 9

• from the reticular formation in the brainstem
• from the amygdala in the limbic system
• from the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal PFC

Question 10

hypothalamus outputs

Answer 10

• to the limbic system hippocampus and amygdala
• to anterior cingulate gyrus
• to thalamus
• to pituitary gland (and endocrine system)
• to brainstem and reticular formation
• to ANS preganglionic neurons

Question 11

endocrine system

Answer 11

• stimulated by the hypothalamus
• glands and hormones
• via hormone secretion in bloodstream
• pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, mammary glands

Question 12

hormones of the endocrine system

Answer 12

cortisol, growth hormones, thyroxin

Question 13

secretions of the endocrine system influence:

Answer 13

-metabolism, body temp, lactation, kidney functions, etc

Question 14

pancreas and liver

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

stomach secretions

Answer 15

gastric and digestive

Question 16

duodenum

Answer 16

secretion

Question 17

kidney

Answer 17

reinin, other

Question 18

disruptions in the endocrine system=

Answer 18

thyroid functions (metabolism, appetite, weight) 
growth patterns (dwarfism, gigantism) 
-reproductive capacity (menstruation, libido, ova, sperm, lactation) 
-food water intake 
-emotional regulation (manic psychosis, depression)

Question 19

hormones that are dependent on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Answer 19

estrogen, progestrone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating, cortisol, insulin, melatonin

Question 20

reticular formation structure

Answer 20

collection of nuclei throughout the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla)

• interconnect circuitry
• influences 25,000-30,000 neurons within the brainstem alone
• can receive, screen, and channel thousands of neurons’ impulses
• axons extend longitudinally, projecting to SC, limbic system, BG, cortex

Question 21

reticular formation functions

Answer 21

• motor and sensory functions (inhibit,facilitate, modify, regulate cortical functions)
• integrate any/all sensory inputs with internal thoughts, emotions
• maintains homeostatsis
• regulate sleep/wake states
• engage the reticular activating system, to foster arousal, conciousness
• maintain systems of respiration, swallowing
• engage ANS

Question 22

reticular neurotransmitters

Answer 22

• serotonin (arousal, sleep/wake cycles and depression)
• norepinephrine (REM sleep, attention, alertness, vigilance)
• dopamine (movement, motivation)

Question 23

problems with the reticular formation

Answer 23

-coma, persistant vegetative state, minimally conscious state, locked in syndrome