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CDS 3500 unit 3 > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ANS

A
  • involuntary control of vital functions for life

- regulated by the hypothalamus

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2
Q

how does the ANS work

A

sensory input and motor output to visceral organs, glands

  • using an extra ganglion, which is a group of nerve cell bodies
  • for the purpose of the ANS, we call then peripheral ganglia
  • maintains BP, breathing rate, hormonal activity, respiration, other things we do not think about
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3
Q

what does the ANS regulate

A

-heart, lungs, blood vessels, digestive organs, reproductive organs, urogential system

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4
Q

main goal of the ANS

A

maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

sub-divisions of the ANS

A
  • enteric
  • sympathic nervous system
  • parasympathic NS
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6
Q

enteric

A
  • work in conjunction with the CNS

- muscle movement to help digestion

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7
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • fight/flight/fright

- SPENDS energy

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8
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • rest/restore/relax

- conserves energy

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9
Q

what is the Enteric system comprised of?

A
  • millions of neurons (sensory, motor, and interneurons)
  • innervate smooth muscle of GI system
  • located in walls of the stomach, esophagus, small intestine, pancreas, gallbladder, colon
  • can function as its own circuit, via the ANS
  • also interact with CNS to relay pain, discomfort
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10
Q

what is the enteric system capable of?

A
  • immediate, autonomic regulation of GI system
  • dectection of muscle tension
  • relaxation and/or contraction of muscle tension and peristalsis
  • secretion of enzymes for digestion
  • regulation of fluid secretion between gut other tissue
  • has both sensory and motor neurons
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11
Q

functions of the sympathetic nervous system

A
  • acceleration/alerting system
  • fight/flight/fright
  • engages/prepares body to respond
  • almost always excitatory
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12
Q

what is the sympathetic NS activated by?

A
  • posterior/lateral hypothalamus

- norepinephrine (adreneline)

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13
Q

functions of the parasympathetic NS

A
  • rest/recover/relax
  • mostly an inhibitory pathway
  • down-regulate function
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14
Q

what activates the parasympathetic NS

A
  • anterior hyppthalamus

- acetylcholine (as an inhibitor.. usually of cardiac rate)

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15
Q

peripheral ganglia - extra system

A
  • the ANS uses an additional cluster of neurons, or ganglion, to get the job of innervation “done”
  • ganglion innervate organs, glands, and smooth muscle
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16
Q

how does the ANS fire effector glands/ muscles?

A
  1. motor nuclei in the SC or brainstem (have axons that extend as ventral roots- which combine to form the mixed spinal nerve)
  2. which then branches off at the rams communicatnteand leaves the somatic system
  3. preganglionic fibers travel to the ganglionic neurons and synapse, traveling now as post-ganglionic fibers and extend to the target muscle/organ
  4. where they innervate the organ/muscle and it responds
17
Q

sympathetic ganglia

A

-innervate many organs
-preganglionic nerve fibers (white rams communicante- originate in thoracic and lumbar segments of SC)
-sympathetic ganglion (run adjacent to, up and down, bilateral to the SC)
-postganglion nerve fibers (gray ramus communicante- leave the peripheral ganglion on their way to innervate smooth muscle/gland, traveling in the mixed spinal nerve)
CALLED THE SYMPATHETIC CHAIN

18
Q

parasympathetic ganglia

A
  • innervate just one organ
  • ratio of 1:3 (one ganglion to 1-3 organs)
  • are located far away from SC or brainstem (near or even in the effector organ)
  • called the craniosacral system
19
Q

preganlionic nerve fibers (parasympathetic)

A
  • white rams communicante
  • originate in the brainstem (CN 3,7,9,10)- oculomotor, facial, glosso, vagus
  • originate in sacral spinal segments of spinal cord (specfically S2-S4)
20
Q

postganglionic nerve fibers (parasympathic)

A
  • gray ramus communicante
  • leave the peripheral ganglion
  • on their way to innervate smooth muscle
  • traveling in the mixed nerve
21
Q

study the parasympathetic relationship of ANS and cranial nerves

A

slide 67

CDS 3500 unit 3 (5 decks)

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