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Npte Study > Other Systems > Flashcards

Other Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency, hypo function of adrenal gland(cortex)

Sx: dark pigmentation, hypotension, fatigue, hyperkalemia, gi disturbances, weight loss, n\v, arthralgias, hypoglycemia

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2
Q

HgA1c

A

Normal range 4%- 5.6%
Increased risk for diabetes 5.7-6.4%

Diabetes >6.5%

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3
Q

Signs of hyperglycemia

A

Thirst , nausea, vomiting, fruit breath, dry crusty membranes .

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4
Q

Dermatitis/ eczema

A

Red oozing crusting rash or vesicles (acute)

Scaling, scattered plaques (subacute)

Thickened skin, fibrotic papules (chronic)

Avoid use of alcohol

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5
Q

Impetigo

A

Superficial skin infection (staph/strep)

Inflammation, small pus filled vesicles, itching, contagious.

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6
Q

Cellulitis

A

Inflammation of cellular or connected tissue in the skin.

Poorly defined and widespread. Skin is hot red And edematous.

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7
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease, common plaques covered with silvery scales, on years, scalp, knees, elbows, and genitals.

Itching and pain from dry, cracked lesions

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8
Q

Scleroderma

A

Chronic autoimmune disease, causing fibrosis of skin, joints, blood vessels. Skin is taut, firm, edematous.

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9
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Proliferation of basal cells leading to raised lesions, typically on trunk of elderly.

Untreated unless causing pain.

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10
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Flat, round irregular lesions, covered by dried scale on sun exposed skin.

Pre-cancerous, can lead to Squamous cell carcinoma.

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11
Q

Benign Nevus

A

Proliferation of melanocytes, round or oval, less than 6 mm flat or raised.

Can change into melanoma.

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12
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Slow-growing tumor, characterized by raised patch with ivory appearance.

Has rolled border with indented center or thickened area of skin.

Rare metastasis. Common on face in white people (prolonged sun exposure)

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13
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Poorly defined borders, flat red area, ulcer, or nodule.

Grows quickly, common on sun exposed areas. Higher risk of metastasis.

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14
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Tumor arising from melanocytes.

Lesions may have swelling or redness beyond a border, losing or bleeding, sensation of itching, burning or pain.

Warning: looks like mole.

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15
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Lesions of endothelial cell origin due to human herpesvirus eight.

Red or dark blue macules that progress to nodules or ulcers, itching and pain.
Common in lower extremity, may produce lymphatic obstruction. Increased incidence in aids.

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16
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching. Common in diabetes, drug hypersensitivity, hyperthyroidism.

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17
Q

Urticaria

A

Smooth, red elevated patches of skin, hives.

Indicates allergic response to drug or infection

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18
Q

Xeroderma

A

Excessive dryness of skin with shedding of epithelium. Can indicate deficiency of thyroid function, diabetes.

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19
Q

Burn wound zones

A

zone of coagulation: cells are irreversibly injured, death occurs.

Zone of stasis: cells are injured, may die without treatment, within 24 to 48 hours usually

Zone of hyperemia: minimal cell injury, cells should recover.

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20
Q

Rule of nines

A 
Head and neck: 9%
Trunk: 36%
Arm: 9% each
Leg: 18% each
Perineum: 1%
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21
Q

Critical burn classification

A

10% of the body with 3rd° burns and 30% or more with second-degree burns

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22
Q

Moderate burn classification

A

Less than 10% with third-degree burn and 15 to 30% with second-degree burn

23
Q

Minor burn classification

A

Less than 2% with third-degree burn and 15% with second-degree burn

24
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

Common topical agent, avoid at term pregnancy and on infants less than 2 months.

Avoid with sulfa drug allergies.

25
Q

Sulfamylon

A

(Mafenide acetate) penetrates through eschar. Avoid with sulfa drug allergy.

26
Q

Elbow deformity following burn

A

Flexion and pronation.

Stress extension and supination with posterior arm splint .

27
Q

Hand deformity following burn

A

Claw hand aka intrinsic minus position.

Stress wrist extension (15deg), MP Flexion (70deg) and pip/dip extension and thumb abduction (intrinsic plus position with resting hand splint)

28
Q

Staging of pressure ulcers

A

Stage 1- nonblanchable erythema

Stage 2- partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and/or dermis (blister, shallow crater, abrasion)

Stage 3- full thickness skin loss, through dermis, deep crater, extends to subcutaneous tissue

Stage 4- full thickness tissue loss into bone/muscle, undermining or sinus tracts may be present

29
Q

Indolent ulcer

A

Ulcer that is slow to heal, is not painful.

30
Q

Safe and effective irrigation pressure for wound debridement

A

4-15 psi

31
Q

Unna boot

A

Pliable, nonstretchable dressing impregnated with zinc or calamine and gelatin

32
Q

Normal level of albumin

A

3.5-5.5 mg/dL, less than 3.5 indicates malnutrition

33
Q

Adequate nutrition to heal from burn

A

25-35 kcal per kg of body weight, and 1.5-2.5 gm protein per kg of body weight.

34
Q

To dry a wound, use:

A

Foams, alginates, gauze.

35
Q

To moisten a wound:

A

Use hydrogel.

36
Q

Transparent film indications:

A

Use on stage 1 or 2 pressure ulcers, on wounds with minimal exudate that requires visual inspection; non-absorptive.

Promotes autolytic debridement. CANNOT use in infection.

37
Q

Hydrocolloid indications:

A

Use for wounds with mild exudate, for autolytic debridement of necrosis or slough.

Maintain moist environment. Pain free.

Min to moderate absorption.

yellow drainage/odor upon removal is normal!!

38
Q

Hydrogel indications:

A

MOISTENs wound bed.

Min to mod absorption. Can macerate wound edges.

39
Q

Foam indications:

A

Min to heavy absorption.
Comfortable. Padding, protection and insulation. Can be used to pack wound for extra absorption.

do not use on dry wound!!

40
Q

Alginates indication:

A

Use for moderate to large amount of exudate absorption.

Good for wounds that require packing and absorption. Will dry wound bed so do not use on dry bed.

**can use on infected wound beds

41
Q

Gauze indications:

A

Absorbing large amounts of exudate.

Good for tunneling, dead space, sinus tracts (tunnels to deeper structures).

Can be used on infected wounds.

Wet to dry mechanical debridement.
*painful on removal! *

42
Q

Use the following dressings for infected wounds:

A

Gauze, alginates

43
Q

Use the following to absorb heavy exudate:

A

Gauze, alginates, maybe some films

44
Q

Use to pack a wound:

A

Gauze, alginates, foams

45
Q

Use to promote autolytic debridement:

A

Film, hydrocolloid, hydrogel

46
Q

CD4 count in those with HIV

A

500-1200 cells/mm3

47
Q

HIV symptoms:

A

Flu like symptoms including recurrent fever, chills, night sweats, swollen lymph glands; loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, persistent fatigue

48
Q

Most common malignancy following AIDS

A

Kaposi ‘s sarcoma,followed by non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and primary brain lymphoma

49
Q

Staging of cancer

A

Stage 0 - in situ
Stage 1 - localized, has not spread to lymph nodes.
Stage 2- locally advAnced, larger, may or may not be at lymph nodes
Stage 3-spread to lymph nodes
Stage 4- metastasized to other organs in body

50
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150,000-450,000
50k-150k some limitations
30k-50k moderate exercise
20k-30k light exercise

51
Q

Normal white blood cell count

A

4800-10,800 cells/mm3

> 5000 light or regular exercise

52
Q

Normal hemoglobin

A

Women 12-16 g/dL
Men 13-18
> 10 regular exercise

53
Q

Normal hematocrit

A

Women 37-48%
Men 45-52%

> 25% light or regular exercise

54
Q

Metabolic syndrome criteria

A
  1. Men at least 40” waist, women 35” 2.at least 150 mg/dL triglycerides or using cholesterol med. 3. Low hdl

Npte Study (6 decks)

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