Other stuff

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

Genus + Species

Answer 2

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 3

Types of Microscope

Answer 3

Light, Electron,Scanning Electron, Confocal

Question 4

Koch’s Postulate 1

Answer 4

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.

Question 5

Koch’s Postulate 2

Answer 5

The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

Question 6

Koch’s Postulate 3

Answer 6

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

Question 7

Koch Postulate 4

Answer 7

The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

Question 8

Why do pathogens want into the body

Answer 8

nutrient-rich, protected, warm environment

Question 9

Commensal organisms

Answer 9

Are on and in body and do not typically cause issues

Question 10

Virulence

Answer 10

Chances of causing disease and how sever it will be

Question 11

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 11

Physical barriers, Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity

Question 12

Physical Barriers

Answer 12

Intact skin
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urinary Tract

Question 13

Characteristics of intact skin

Answer 13

simple anatomic barrier
harsh, dry environment
sweat/ enzymes
low pH
commensal bacteria out compete pathogens

Question 14

Characteristics of respiratory tract

Answer 14

Coughing/sneezing reflexes
Mucus flow, “mucocilliary escalator”
Alveolar macrophages

Question 15

Characteristics of Gastrointestinal tract

Answer 15

Diarrhea/vommiting
Low pH of stomach and bile acids
Commensal bacteria

Question 16

Characteristics of Urinary Tract

Answer 16

Urine flow

low pH of urine

Question 17

5 characteristics of inflamation

Answer 17

Tumor : swelling
Rubor : Redness
Calor : heat
Dolor : Pain
Loss of Function

Question 18

Antigen

Answer 18

any substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it

Question 19

Epitope

Answer 19

Specific piece of an antigen that an antibody binds to

Question 20

Innate Immunity

Answer 20

Generalized response to any foreign invaderdoes not have memory, always on call

Question 21

Adaptive immunity

Answer 21

aka acquired immunity

• takes days to weeks to become effective
• foreign invaders trigger the immune response due to foreign characteristics on their surface
• retains memory of the encounter

Question 22

Anamnestic response

Answer 22

Secondary reaction that is quicker and more intense response on subsequent exposures from invaders