Other stuff Flashcards
Taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Genus + Species
Binomial Nomenclature
Types of Microscope
Light, Electron,Scanning Electron, Confocal
Koch’s Postulate 1
The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.
Koch’s Postulate 2
The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
Koch’s Postulate 3
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
Koch Postulate 4
The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
Why do pathogens want into the body
nutrient-rich, protected, warm environment
Commensal organisms
Are on and in body and do not typically cause issues
Virulence
Chances of causing disease and how sever it will be
Defense Mechanisms
Physical barriers, Innate Immunity, Adaptive Immunity
Physical Barriers
Intact skin
Respiratory Tract
Gastrointestinal Tract
Urinary Tract
Characteristics of intact skin
simple anatomic barrier harsh, dry environment sweat/ enzymes low pH commensal bacteria out compete pathogens
Characteristics of respiratory tract
Coughing/sneezing reflexes
Mucus flow, “mucocilliary escalator”
Alveolar macrophages
Characteristics of Gastrointestinal tract
Diarrhea/vommiting
Low pH of stomach and bile acids
Commensal bacteria
Characteristics of Urinary Tract
Urine flow
low pH of urine
5 characteristics of inflamation
Tumor : swelling Rubor : Redness Calor : heat Dolor : Pain Loss of Function
Antigen
any substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies against it
Epitope
Specific piece of an antigen that an antibody binds to
Innate Immunity
Generalized response to any foreign invaderdoes not have memory, always on call
Adaptive immunity
aka acquired immunity
- takes days to weeks to become effective
- foreign invaders trigger the immune response due to foreign characteristics on their surface
- retains memory of the encounter
Anamnestic response
Secondary reaction that is quicker and more intense response on subsequent exposures from invaders
