other stuff

Question 1

what is the lateral talocalcaneal ligaments attachments?

Answer 1

lateral lateral process to lateral calcaneal process under the calcaneal fibular ligament

Question 2

How much conjunct rotation occurs at the talocural?

Answer 2

30 degrees

Question 3

Where is the MTP joint in relation to the web space?

Answer 3

its about 2.5 cm behind the web space

Question 4

how many bones are in the foot?

Answer 4

26 primary, 2-5 sesmoids

Question 5

What are the the functional units the foot?

Answer 5

1. rear foot
2. midfoot
3. forefoot

Question 6

How do you tension cervical ligament and innerossous of the subtalar joint

Answer 6

1. inversion

2. eversion

Question 7

How can the hip effect the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 7

1. weak external rotators lead to pronation

2. weak abductor will cause a valgus knee leading to pronation

Question 8

Which bone is the key stone to the medial arch

Answer 8

the navicular bone

-the ligamentous structure holds up the arch

Question 9

What are the attachments of the interosseus muscles of the foot?

Answer 9

1. they lay dorsal to the deep transverse ligaments

2. they attach to the plantar ligaments of the first MTP joints

Question 10

What is unique about the calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 10

1. it has a distinct fibrous capsule

2. the dorsal surface is thickened to form the dorsal calcaneoucuboid ligament

Question 11

How dynamic stability of the transverse arch created?

Answer 11

1. ADM spans the arch
2. FL-elevates that anterior part of the calcaneous
3. FB- increases height of the lateral arch during eversion
4. TP-pulls the calcaneous the opposite direction of the FL

Question 12

How do the distal and proximal tib fib joint surfaces differ?

Answer 12

1. proximal is diarthrodial

2. distal is a syndesmosis

Question 13

where would you expect tendonitis with a rear foot varus?

Answer 13

ankle supinators due to a increase pronation velocity and greater demand for eccentric control

Question 14

where id you get a callus formation with rear foot varus?

Answer 14

under the met head because you tend to have a heel whip

Question 15

What is a hammer toe?

Answer 15

Deformity of the toes with MTP ext or neutral, PIP flexion, DIP extension

Question 16

What are claw toes?

Answer 16

Deformity with MTP ext with PIP and DIP flexion

Question 17

What is mallet toe?

Answer 17

DIP flexion with neutral MTP and PIP

Question 18

What is the callus formation with forefoot equinus

Answer 18

1. first met because ti absorbs a lot of force

2. 5th met because first force 5th to hit hard

Question 19

how much pronation shoulder you allow when fitting orthotics?

Answer 19

4 degrees

Question 20

What complication can arise from a rigid forefoot valgus and rear foot varus?

Answer 20

opposing forces of supination from the forefoot and rearfoot create torsional stress to the mid foot

Question 21

biomechanically what is happening the foot with pes planus

Answer 21

1. calcaneous everts
2. navicular tuberosity rotates down and becomes more prominent medially
3. forefoot abducts

Question 22

How does the achilles enthesis change as you age

Answer 22

there is less connective tissue between the achilles and plantar fascia

Question 23

What muscles contribute to deceleration of pronation?

Answer 23

1. tibialis anterior
2. triceps surae
3. posterior tib
4. fibularis longus

Question 24

how much energy is stored in the Achilles tendon?

Answer 24

1. 23% with squat jump
2. 17% with countermovement jumping
3. 34%with hopping