Other Pathos

Question 1

What is the patho for DVT?

Answer 1

decreased or mechanically altered blood flow
trauma to the blood vessels stimulate a clotting cascade
platelets aggregate at the site, especially where the venous statis is present
platelets and fibrin form the initial clot
decreased blood flow causes decreased oxygenation and increase in haematocrit
RBC are trapped in the fibrin network
clot may occlude the vessel or embolus may travel to other parts of the body

Question 2

What is the patho of Compartment Syndrome?

Answer 2

fluid enters a fixed volume compartment
increase in tissue and venous pressure
the pressure exceeds capillary perfusion pressure
capillaries collapse
muscle and nerve ischaemia occur

Question 3

What is the patho of Paralytic Ileus?

Answer 3

SNS activates intra operatively and bowel motility inhibited
increased cytokine and inflammatory mediators, decreased bowel motility
peristalsis slows and then stops
this leads to decreased. movement of faecal matter through the bowel

Question 4

What is the patho of Atelectasis?

Answer 4

reduced ventilation or blockage
obstruction of air to and from the alveoli
trapped air is absorbed into the bloodstream, blockage prevents further air from entering the alveoli
area of lung becomes airless
lung collapses
respiratory distress

Question 5

What is the patho of Chronic Renal Failure? (CKI)

Answer 5

systemic disease causes renal injury which leads to loss of nephrons and release of angiotensin B
leads to glomerular capillary hypertension
increase glomerular permeability and filtration
leads to pre-nocturia
increases tubular protein reabsorption
results in in renal scarring and irreversible damage

Question 6

What is the patho of Acute Renal Failure? (AKI)

Answer 6

impaired renal blood flow = decrease in filtration pressure
failure to restore blood volume or blood pressure and oxygen delivery causes cell injury
sudden decline in kidney function which can occur over just hours and inhibits ability of kidneys to regulate fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance

Question 7

What is the patho of Hypovolemic Shock?

Answer 7

intravascular volume has decreased by at least 15%
leads to decreased pre-load
decreased cardiac output
causes release of adrenaline and noradrenaline
increases HR contractility
volume loss
decreased cardiac output
decreased tissue perfusion
impaired cellular metabolism
acute respiratory distress