Other Parts of the Nervous System Flashcards
Brain Structures & Their Functions
The brain is divided into 3 different regions. What are they?
- Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
- Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
- Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
Regions of the Brain.
Processes sensory information, helps with reasoning and problem-solving, and regulates autonomic, endocrine, and motor functions.
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
The terms “prosencephalon” and “forebrain” are synonymous.
Regions of the Brain.
Helps to regulate movement and process auditory and visual information
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
The terms “mesencephalon” and “midbrain” are synonymous.
Regions of the Brain.
Which major brain region controls essential functions like balance, coordination, and autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate?
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
The terms “rhombencephalon” and “hindbrain” are synonymous.
Brain Regions
Forebrain is also called what?
Prosencephalon
The terms “prosencephalon” and “forebrain” are synonymous.
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Which brain region includes the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, and corpus callosum?
Cerebrum
The telencephalon is the scientific and official name for the cerebrum.
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
What is the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions, perception, memory, and voluntary movement?
Cerebrum
The telencephalon is the scientific and official name for the cerebrum.
Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Main Components of
the Telencephalon (Cerebrum):
- Cerebral Cortex
- Limbic System
- Basal Ganglia
- Corpus Callosum
Main Components of the Telencephalon (Cerebrum):
Lobes of Cerebral
Cortex
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for higher cognition, personality, decision-making, and voluntary movement?
e.g. Solving a math problem.
Frontal Lobe
(Lobus Frontalis)
Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex processes sensory integration and spatial awareness?
e.g. Feeling the texture of an object.
Parietal Lobe
(Lobus Parietalis)
Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
Which lobe is responsible for auditory processing, memory and language comprehension?
e.g. Understanding spoken words.
Temporal Lobe
(Lobus Temporalis)
Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
Which lobe processes visual information?
e.g. Interpreting colors and shapes
Occipital Lobe
(Lobus Occipitalis)
Main Components of the Telencephalon (Cerebrum):
Which brain structure connects the left and right hemispheres, allowing communication between them?
Corpus Collusum
What are the ridges on the surface of the brain called?
Gyri
(singular: gyrus)
What are the grooves or valleys separating the gyri called?
Sulci
(singular: sulcus)
Gyri and Sulci
Which gyrus contains the primary motor cortex and is responsible for voluntary movements?
Precentral Gyrus
Gyri and Sulci
Which gyrus contains the primary somatosensory cortex and processes sensory input like touch and pain?
Postcentral Gyrus
Gyri and Sulci
Which gyrus is involved in auditory processing and language comprehension?
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Gyri and Sulci
Which sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes; divides the motor and sensory cortex.?
e.g. Distinguishes voluntary movement from sensory perception.
Central Sulcus
(Sulcus Centralis)
Gyri and Sulci
Which sulcus separates the frontal and temporal lobes?
e.g. Helps distinguish auditory and speech areas.
Lateral Sulcus
(Sylvian Fissure)
Gyri and Sulci
Which sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes?
e.g. Helps define visual processing areas.
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
(Sulcus Parietooccipitalis)
Gyri and Sulci
Which sulcus contains the primary visual cortex and plays a crucial role in visual processing?
e.g. Processes visual information from the eyes.
Calcarine Sulcus
(Sulcus Calcarinus)
Main Components of the Telencephalon (Cerebrum):
Which brain structure is a group of subcortical nuclei responsible for movement regulation and initiation, habit formation, cognition, and emotion?
Basal Ganglia