Other Otology Conditions Flashcards
tympanosclerosis?
calcification in tympanic membrane or middle ear
cholesteatoma?
= dead skin in the middle ear, may be growing, grows into cyst like mass
causes of cholesteatoma?
eustachian tube dysfunction, impaired skin migration
Rx of cholesteatoma
mastoidectomy, surgery to remove mass from bone
Rx of TM perforation
myringoplasty (to repair hole)
causes of TM perforation
infection, trauma, grommet insertion
what is auricular haematoma?
cause?
complication?
Rx?
a collection of blood underneath the perichondrium of the ear
blunt trauma
complication: cauliflower ear
Rx: incision and drainage, pressure dressing, antibiotics
what is otosclerosis?
Presentation?
Rx?
fixation of stapes by extra bone
conductive hearing loss
no sign on otoscopy
Rx: hearing aid, stapedectomy
2 common causes of stapes fixation
otosclerosis, congenital
tinnitus Management?
sound enrichment, stress management
cause of benign positional vertigo?
otoconia (bio-crystals) in semi-circular canals
what is benign positional vertigo?
Sx?
Vertigo precipitated by specific changes in head position. E.g. lying down turning over in bed.
Duration: seconds
vertigo, nystagmus rotatory or positional
Ix and Rx for benign positional vertigo?
Ix: Dix-Hallpike test (to see on which side patient presents with nystagmus)
Rx: epley manoeuvre (turn head to symptomatic side to move particles through canals and eventually out)
vestibular neuritis also called
labyrinthitis (When hearing loss)
cause of vestibular neuriti/labyrinthitis
reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus, infection of vestibular ganglion
presentation of vestibular neuritis?
duration?
Rx?
spontaneous vertigo
may have unilateral hearing loss (then called labyrinthitis)
duration for days
horizontal nystagmus towards affected ear
Rx? vestibular sedation (Acute), vestibular rehabilitation (chronic)
what is Meniere’s Disease?
disorder of the inner ear that can lead to spontaneous vertigo and hearing loss
Sx of Menieres disease
Rx?
spontaneous vertigo that can last for hours
unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, aural fullness
Diuretic to reduce fluid pressure, intratympanic dexamethasone, intratympanic gentamycin
signs of conductive hearing loss?
o Rinne’s test ‘negative’, bone >air
o Weber’s test
Test lateralises to the affected side
o Pure tone audiogram: bone conduction normal, air conduction is down
signs of sensorineural hearing loss?
o Rinne’s test ‘positive, air> bone
o Weber’s test
Test lateralises to the contralateral side
Pure tone audiogram: bone conduction same as air conduction
causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
presbyacusis (hearing loss with age)
head injury
viral infection
ototoxic medication (gentamicin)
acoustic neuroma (benign tumour of inner ear)
name for hearing loss with age?
presbyacusis
Rx for sensorineural hearing loss?
hearing aids
