Other Otology Conditions

Question 1

tympanosclerosis?

Answer 1

calcification in tympanic membrane or middle ear

Question 2

cholesteatoma?

Answer 2

= dead skin in the middle ear, may be growing, grows into cyst like mass

Question 3

causes of cholesteatoma?

Answer 3

eustachian tube dysfunction, impaired skin migration

Question 4

Rx of cholesteatoma

Answer 4

mastoidectomy, surgery to remove mass from bone

Question 5

Rx of TM perforation

Answer 5

myringoplasty (to repair hole)

Question 6

causes of TM perforation

Answer 6

infection, trauma, grommet insertion

Question 7

what is auricular haematoma?
cause?
complication?

Rx?

Answer 7

a collection of blood underneath the perichondrium of the ear
blunt trauma
complication: cauliflower ear

Rx: incision and drainage, pressure dressing, antibiotics

Question 8

what is otosclerosis?

Presentation?

Rx?

Answer 8

fixation of stapes by extra bone

conductive hearing loss
no sign on otoscopy

Rx: hearing aid, stapedectomy

Question 9

2 common causes of stapes fixation

Answer 9

otosclerosis, congenital

Question 10

tinnitus Management?

Answer 10

sound enrichment, stress management

Question 11

cause of benign positional vertigo?

Answer 11

otoconia (bio-crystals) in semi-circular canals

Question 12

what is benign positional vertigo?

Sx?

Answer 12

Vertigo precipitated by specific changes in head position. E.g. lying down turning over in bed.
Duration: seconds

vertigo, nystagmus rotatory or positional

Question 13

Ix and Rx for benign positional vertigo?

Answer 13

Ix: Dix-Hallpike test (to see on which side patient presents with nystagmus)

Rx: epley manoeuvre (turn head to symptomatic side to move particles through canals and eventually out)

Question 14

vestibular neuritis also called

Answer 14

labyrinthitis (When hearing loss)

Question 15

cause of vestibular neuriti/labyrinthitis

Answer 15

reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus, infection of vestibular ganglion

Question 16

presentation of vestibular neuritis?

duration?

Rx?

Answer 16

spontaneous vertigo
may have unilateral hearing loss (then called labyrinthitis)
duration for days

horizontal nystagmus towards affected ear

Rx? vestibular sedation (Acute), vestibular rehabilitation (chronic)

Question 17

what is Meniere’s Disease?

Answer 17

disorder of the inner ear that can lead to spontaneous vertigo and hearing loss

Question 18

Sx of Menieres disease

Rx?

Answer 18

spontaneous vertigo that can last for hours
unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, aural fullness

Diuretic to reduce fluid pressure, intratympanic dexamethasone, intratympanic gentamycin

Question 19

signs of conductive hearing loss?

Answer 19

o Rinne’s test ‘negative’, bone >air
o Weber’s test
Test lateralises to the affected side
o Pure tone audiogram: bone conduction normal, air conduction is down

Question 20

signs of sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 20

o Rinne’s test ‘positive, air> bone
o Weber’s test
Test lateralises to the contralateral side

Pure tone audiogram: bone conduction same as air conduction

Question 21

causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 21

presbyacusis (hearing loss with age)
head injury
viral infection
ototoxic medication (gentamicin)

acoustic neuroma (benign tumour of inner ear)

Question 22

name for hearing loss with age?

Answer 22

presbyacusis

Question 23

Rx for sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 23

hearing aids