Other Kidney Diseases

Question 1

what are primary glomerular diseases?

Answer 1

a group of disorders characterized by pathologic alterations in normal glomerular structure and function, independent of systemic disease processes such as diabetes and HTN

results from damage to the kidney’s filtering units

Question 2

describe the pathogensis of primary glomerular diseases

Answer 2

mostly involve immune functioning

sclerotic damage of glomerulus from deposition of antigen/antibody complex into some portion which allows larger molecules to escape circulation and enter the proximal tubule resulting in proteinuria

can also allow RBCs to escape and result in hematuria

Question 3

List the clinical signs of primary glomerular disease

Answer 3

1. Proteinuria
2. Hematuria
3. HTN
4. decreased GFR
5. edema
6. Hypoalbuminemia secondary to proteinuria
7. Hypercholesterolemia secondary to proteinuria

Question 4

what are the 2 types of primary glomerular disease?

Answer 4

Nephritic → blood in urine

Nephrotic → protein in urine

Question 5

T/F: kidney stones are the 3rd most common urinary tract disorder

Answer 5

TRUE

UTI > prostate disease > kidney stones

Question 6

how are kidney stones classified?

Answer 6

by their location in the kidney, ureter or bladder

Question 7

define hydronephrosis

Answer 7

distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces secondary to urine accumulation

Question 8

list s/s of kidney stones

Answer 8

1. hydronephrosis
2. spasms of ureter
3. pain, most commonly in flank, lower abdomen, and groin
4. hallmark of stones obstructing ureter or renal pelvis is excruciating, intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or inner thigh

Question 9

how are kidney stones treated?

Answer 9

1. watchful waiting (most stones < 5 mm ultimately pass)
2. shock wave lithotripsy (ultrasound)
3. surgery
   
   1. requires a ureteroscopy

Question 10

define multiple organ failure syndrome

Answer 10

progressive deterioration of organ function secondary to disease in distant organs

must involve 2 or more organ systems

causes: renal failure, shock, acute brain injury, acute respiratory failure, sepsis, burns, severe necrosis, major surgery, multiple blood transfusion

Question 11

T/F: MOFS is linked to sepsis

Answer 11

TRUE

typically seen in ICU

Question 12

what innervates the detrusor muscles of the bladder

Answer 12

parasympathetic neurons

input is normally inhibited

neural stimulation is required for micturition