💡✅✅Other Information I Need To Know Flashcards
What was Aneurin Bevins 3 core principles?
- The NHS should meet the needs of everyone
- The NHS should be free at the point of delivery
- Medical care would be based on clinical need, not the ability to pay
Some groups in the population have difficulty accessing health care. Which groups may have difficulty and why?
- homeless (no fixed address, multiple health needs, possible drug or alcohol addiction)
- elderly (difficulty accessing GP appointment systems, getting to GP surgery, no family nearby, no transport, multiple co-morbidities);
- people in poverty (deprivation) (no transport, poor lifestyle due to poverty, rural areas due to distance need to travel
- disabled (physically disabled, blind or deaf), and other reasonable answers.
Health care would be free at the point of delivery. What are the advantages and drawbacks of this approach and give your reasons?
Advantages:
1) free to everyone whether they can afford it or not; no discrimination
2) easy system to administer, no financial barriers to taking medication
3) encourage patients to present earlier Disadvantages:
1) increased demand on staff (if it’s free more people will attend GP’s etc)
2) people have less individual accountability for health as all health treatment is free.
3) increased waiting times
care is based on clinical need, not ability to pay. What are the challenges to the NHS of providing needs based clinical care and give your reasons?
1) A&E and emergency medical and surgical requirements will take precident over scheduled admissions (cancelled operations)
2) triage within A&E and other services such as ambulances etc (waiting times)
3) Tertiary centres have Challenges may include; competing clinical needs, problems of emergencies taking priority over less urgent cases, limited resources
4) increasing medical advances and costs
6) staffing the NHS, training staff for the NHS
7) equality of access to clinical care + aging population
You are the co-ordinator for the Welsh transplant service. A kidney has become available and there are two people on the waiting list who are a close match. One is a 35 year old mother with four children and the other a 6 year old, only child. How would you decide who to give the kidney to and why? What are the ethical principles?
- Decision should be made in liaison with the clinical team to determine who has highest need and highest chance of successful outcome.
- Non-judgemental, non-discriminatory, do good, do not harm, fairness and respect for persons wishes.
- Excellent candidate may be aware that decisions are influenced by multiple and changeable factors, such as; worsening condition, differing social factors and resources.
You require consent from a patient in order to carry out an operation. Can you provide any examples of circumstances where consent should/should not be required from patients and can you explain the ethical reasons why?
1) Awareness of need for consent at all.
2) should get consent: e.g. examining patient; undertaking investigations; providing treatment (drugs or operation); if medical students or anyone else is going to present; if using experimental drug or procedure in trial
3) Patients have the right to refuse treatment (unless under 16), patient autonomy.
4) occasions when can’t get consent such as emergency treatment in an unconscious patient, or a patient with no capacity and are acting in the patients best interest.
Can you give an example of where you have demonstrated responsibility or the role of a leader and what did you learn about the role and yourself? (Prompt situation if needed e.g. school position or job with responsibility, or caring for someone…)
Health and well-being week
- different roles and personalities within a team
- working with external people
- involves communication
- involve all the members of your team, respecting all the members of your team
- potential decision making
- dealing with disagreements within the team,
- accountability
Can you tell me about a project or event that you have had to organise or arrange, how you went about organising it and what motivated you? (prompt if required - may be school project, assembly, trip with friends, work experience, charity, party, team event…)
Health and well-being week
- recruited team and people interested/ members of other health related groups
- motivates by importance to educate on specific issues affecting all children (addition to pse lessons)
- delegated roles e.g sleep deprivation (caffeine, social media, physical harm)
- weekly progress meetings
- conflict/resolution
- communication with teachers/external resources
- reflection period after (what we’d change for next time)
Homelessness is an increasing problem in the UK. Do you think you should give money to homeless individuals and can you provide ethical reasons for your answers?
1) Non-judgemental, non-discriminatory, do good, do not harm, fairness and respect for all individuals and for persons wishes.
2) Yes: to buy food, water, equipment, bed for the night.
3) NO: money spent on drugs and alcohol, be con artists, social services should provide.
4) Recognises that might be patient choose to live on streets, or might have no choice.
5) circumstances are influenced by multiple and changeable factors and the situation and solutions may not be clear cut.
You have been working on an essay that counts towards your final mark. Your friend has downloaded copies from previous years and e-mailed them to you. What do you do and what do you think are the rights and wrongs and the implications?
Aware of plagiarism, honesty (cheating), integrity, fairness to others.
That they should tell someone
Consequences- if get caught e.g. fail assignment
What are the pros and cons of using information sources from the internet. Discuss your reasons
Pros:
easy access via internet; wide range of resources in different formats, stimulates interest into new areas, international perspective
Cons- not sure if source reliable and hence accuracy, source bias, vulnerable to unauthorised access, virus, piracy and other security issues, too many sources and hence difficulty distinguishing best source; and other reasonable answers.
A patient comes to see you requesting you refer them for a gastric band operation to help with their weight loss.
Do you think this should be available on the NHS? Can you explain the ethical reasons why you think this
1) Decision should be made in liaison with the clinical team to determine who has highest need and highest chance of successful outcome.
2) Non-judgemental, non-discriminatory, do good, do not harm, fairness and respect for persons wishes.
3) decisions are influenced by multiple and changeable factors, such as; worsening condition, differing social factors and resources.
You are a doctor in a hospital and a patient has just been diagnosed with advanced heart failure. The family ask you not to tell the patient if it is bad news. What do you do and can you explain the ethical reasons why?
Aware of ethics involved such as patient 1)autonomy;
2) capacity;
3) beneficence (patients best interests);
4) non- maleficence (first do no harm).
What do think are the pros and cons of Social Media in medicine? Discuss your reasons.
Pros: can engage people in public health and policy discussions; establish national and international professional networks, facilitate patient’s access to health info
Cons: risks to confidentiality; respect for colleagues; risks to reputation. Maintaining professional boundaries etc. and other reasonable arguments
