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Germany > Other Germany (Nahe, Ahr, Franken, Mittelrhine, Hessische-Bergstrasse, Baden and Württemberg, Sachsen & Saale-Unstrut > Flashcards

Other Germany (Nahe, Ahr, Franken, Mittelrhine, Hessische-Bergstrasse, Baden and Württemberg, Sachsen & Saale-Unstrut Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Nahe?

A

West of the Rheinessen
South of Mittelrhein
SW of Rheingau
SE of Mosel

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2
Q

What is the Bereiche of the Nahe?

A

Nahetal

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3
Q

What are the Grosslage of the Nahe? (6)

A 
Schlosskapelle "schloss-ka-pe-lay”
Pfarrgarten  
Kronenberg 
Burgweg
Paradiesgarten
Rosengarten
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4
Q

What is the climate of the Nahe?

A

Transitional zone between maritime and continental climatic influences. Protected from wind and weather on the north and west by wooded mountains

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5
Q

Describe Nahe Riesling

A

The best wines often manage to combine the raciness of the best Mosel with the substance of the best Rheingaus - although they can be easier to appreciate in youth than either.
Chris Tanghe “Rieslings have a luscious tropical nature”

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6
Q

What is Germany’s driest winegrowing climate?

A

Nahe

-Most precipitation occurs in the summer months rather than over harvest, and frosts are rare.

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7
Q

How is the Nahe generally divided?

A

Upper Nahe
Middle Nahe
Lower Nahe

The vineyards surrounding Bad Kreuznach, which divides the Middle and Lower Nahe, are sometimes considered a separate subregion.

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8
Q

Major Villages of Nahe along with important einzellagen?
What is this group of villages also known as?
What direction?

A

Known as the Middle Nahe:
—Flows east to west before taking a sharp north at the town of Bad Münster.
—Schlossböckelheim: Kupfergrube, Felsenberg
—Oberhausen: Brücke (Donnhof monopole)
—Niederhausen: Hermannshöhle, Hermannsberg
—Norheim: Delchen
—Traisen: Bastei
**Villages line the banks of the Nahe as it flows northward in the center of the region.

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9
Q

What forest is a natural western border separating Nahe from the western Mosel Valley?

A

Hünsruck Hochwald highland forest

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10
Q

Name two producers from Upper Nahe and where they are based.

A

—Emrich-Schönleber, based in Monzingen (Frühlingsplätzchen {“FRU-ling-SPLETCH-zen; translates to “Spring’s Little Place”} and Halenberg), is the preeminent producer of the Upper Nahe
—Shäfer-Fröhlich estate of Bockenau, in the Upper Nahe’s interlands nearest the Hünsruck hills. (Bockenauer Felseneck; also Monzingener Halenberg, and Schlossböckelheim Kupfergrube and Felsenberg)
***both producers (along with Donnhof) are known for picking late in the season.

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11
Q

What geological crossroads is the Nahe positioned?

A

Rhenish Massif (Geological massif in western Germany, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg, and northeastern France) and the Mainz and Saar-Nahe Basins.

Rhenish Massif comprises the slate Hunsrück hills of the Mosel Valley and the low Taunus and Eifel Mountains of the Rheingau and Ahr

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12
Q

How does the Lower Nahe differ in climate to the rest of Nahe?

How does this effect the style of Riesling?

A

Warmer region than either the Upper or Middle Nahe, with more climatic similarity to the neighboring Rheinhessen than the cooler Hunsrück hills to the west.

Riesling styles from the Lower Nahe share the fuller body and more opulent style of the Rheinhessen, and Spätburgunder performs best in the Lower Nahe.

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13
Q

How does the soil change from Middle Nahe moving north to Lower Nahe.

A

Middle Nahe’s soil of weathered volcanic soils, slate, limeston and schist move into Lower Nahe’s soil composition of heavier clay and loess.

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14
Q

What is the largest town and commercial center of the Nahe’s wine trade?
What are the soils?
Best known vineyards (3)

A

Bad Kreuznach (bad means bath) divides the Middle and Lower Nahe, are sometimes considered a separate subregion.

North of Bad Kreuznach the vineyards are substantially loess and clay, heavier and on gentler slopes than those elsewhere along the Nahe, producing relatively substantial wines. But in certain sites, gravel offers excellent drainage and greater vinous finesse. Best-known among Bad Kreuznach’s vineyards are the Brücke (different from Oberhauser Brücke?), Kahlenberg, and Krötenpfuhl.

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15
Q

Where does the Nahe river converge with the Rhine?

What point does this mark?

A

At the Nahe’s northerly limits in the town of Bingen. This is also the very western end of the Rheingau

-This marks the tripoint of the Rheinhessen, the Rheingau, and the Nahe Anbaugebiete.

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16
Q

Who is the reigning producer of the Lower Nahe?

A

Schlossgut Diel (Dorsheimer Goldloch)

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17
Q

What is the most planted red grape in the Nahe?

A

Dornfelder

-most of Nahe’s red wine sold within Germany

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18
Q

What river runs through Franken?

A

Main River flows westward from Barbera toward Frankfurt, to the east of Hockheim.

-It is a small Rhine tributary, some 130 kilometers east of the Rheingau.

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19
Q

What grape is most associated with Franken?

A

Sylvaner

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20
Q

Name two producers out of Franken.

A

—Hans Wirsching of Iphofen (Kronsberg vineyard)

—Horst Sauer of Escherndorf

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21
Q

What is “Steinwein”

A

An old nickname for Frankish wine. It was named after the vineyard Stein within Franken’s wine center of Würzberg.

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22
Q

What is the bottle that Frankish wines are traditionally served in?

A
  • The squat, flash-shaped bockbeutel.

- allegedly shaped like a Roman canteen or, yes, a sheep’s scrotum

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23
Q

What are the bereiche of Franken?

Locations?

Soils of each?

A

—Mainviereck: “four-sided Main” (Main river’s flow appoximates a rectangular shape); weathered red sandstone; gentler climate than areas of further east=only natural home for PN in Franken.
—Maindreieck: “three-sided Main” (Main River’s course appears to form a triangle), produces almost 3/4 of Franken’s wine, from shell-limestone soils.
—Steigerwald: Eastern end of Franken

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24
Q

Franken Gemeinden and Einzellagen

A

Würzburg: Stein, Leiste
Escherndorf: Lump
Iphofen: Julius Echter Berg
Bürgstadt: Centgrafenberg

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25
Q

Historically, what is Franken better know for than wine?

A

Beer
—Franken lies within the federal state of Bavaria. This is the part of Germany that produced the Reinheitsgebot (German wine purity law) in the 16th century

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26
Q

What are viticultural threats to Franken?

A

Bitterly cold winters. Like Washington State, winter’s severity threatens to kill vines, and spring frosts are an annual plague on productivity.

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27
Q

What is the most planted grape in Franken?

A

Müller-Thurgau, at 28% of the vineyard (the only Anbaugebiet in Germany wherein Müller-Thurgau maintains the lead as most planted variety)

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28
Q

Describe Franken Silvaner

A

Franken Silvaner, not unlike Austrian Grüner Veltliner, can produce lighter, slightly herbal, spicy wines in Franken’s more common sites and heavy, full-bodied wines in the premiere Grosse Lage vineyards

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29
Q

What grape was the most important variety in Germany from the 17th century till 1969?

A

Silvaner- most important variety in Germany, eventually encompassing one-third of the entire national vineyard. It lost its top spot to Müller-Thurgau in 1969

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30
Q

Describe Mainviereck

A

Western-most reaches of Franken. “four-sided Main,” where the river’s flow approximates a rectangular shape.

  • soils are typically composed of weathered red sandstone and climate is gentler than in areas further east.
  • therefore emerged as only natural home for pinot noir in Franken.
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31
Q

Who is the top name for Spätburgunder in Franken?

Location?

A

Rudolf Fürst in Bürgstadt

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32
Q

Describe Maindreieck

A

Center of Franken, the Main River’s course appears to form a triangle-“three-sided Main.”

-With the city of Würzburg on its western edge, Maindreieck produces almost three-quarters of Franken’s wine, from shell-limestone soils.

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33
Q

What is the commercial center of Franken?

A

Würzburg

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34
Q

What is the most famous vineyard site in Franken?

Size/Soils/Aspect?

What style of wine comes from this vineyards?

Who are the most important landholders?

A

—The famous Stein vineyard in Würzburg.
—85 ha; warm south facing limestone and loess slopes.
—Stein is planted primarily to Riesling and Silvaner; it produces some of Franken’s top examples of both grapes with a touch of trademark smokiness.
-Juliusspital, Franken’s largest producer, and Bürgerspital—both charitable hospital (Spital) foundations financed by large winemaking operations.

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35
Q 
Steigerwald
Located?
Climate?
Soils?
Important villages (2)?
A

—located on the eastern end of Franken.
—removed from the Main River and less subject to humidity and botrytis.
—vineyards on the edge of the Steigerwald mountain forest, reaching almost 400 meters in elevation, this is the highest and coolest district in Franken.
—black, gypsum-laced Keuper soils mitigate low temperatures by warming the vines at night—so much so that vines can often produce quality wines even on north-facing slopes.
—Castell, where Silvaner first appeared in Germany, and Iphofen are the most important villages of the Steigerwald.

36
Q

What is the Taubertal?
When was it divided and among what three regions?
Size?
Bottling?

A

—The Tauber River is a tributary of the Main River
—The 1971 wine law divided vineyards in the Taubertal among three Anbaugebiete: Franken, Baden, and Württemberg.
—Baden has a Tauberfranken Bereich
—Württemberg has a small slice of the Taubertal near the village of Bad Mergentheim
—a portion of the region remains in the Maindreieck, Franken
—The historic region, is around 1000 ha.
—Baden and Franken producers from the region have the right to bottle in a Bocksbeutel; Württemberg producers do not.

37
Q

What is the size of Baden in comparison to the rest of Germany’s Anbaugebiet

A

Third-largest Anbaugebiet

38
Q

Where is Baden located?

A

Lines the Upper Rhine Valley and runs parallel to Alsace and Pfalz, between the Rhine River and the Black Forrest.

39
Q

Bereiche of Baden (9)

A 
Badische-Bergstrasse
Kraichgau
Ortenau 
Breisgau 
Kaiserstuhl
Markgräflerland 
Bodensee
Tauberfranken
Tuniberg
40
Q

Which three geographical features separate Baden from Switzerland in the south, Hessische-Bergstrasses in the north, and Franken in the north east.

A

—Lake Constance (known as Bodensee in German)-separates a portion of Baden from Switzerland?
—edge of the Odenwald hills in Hessische-Bergstrasse
—the Tauber River Valley, near Würzburg in Franken

41
Q

What varieties have found their greatest success in Baden?

A

Varieties rooted in Burgundy: Weissburgunder, Grauburgunder, and above all, Spätburgunder.

42
Q

What is the most planted grape in Baden?

A

Spätburgunder. Makes up one-third of Baden’s almost 16,000 hectares under vine. White grapes still account for a slim majority overall, however.

43
Q

What Swiss grape still has 1000 hectares in Baden, reinforcing its proximity to Switzerland. Where is it almost exclusively grown?

A

Gutedel (Chasselas)

-cultivated almost exclusively in the Markgräferland Bereiche at Baden’s southernmost point, where the Anbaugebiet meets the Swiss city of Basel and the French border.

44
Q

What four Baden Bereiche is the majority of Pinot Noir production? (N-S)

A

Ortenau
Breisgau
Kaiserstuhl
Tuniberg

45
Q

What are the various soils found in Baden for Pinot Noir production?

A

various granitic, volcanic, calcareous, and loess formations

46
Q

Where would you find almost Côte de Nuits-like style of Pinot Noir in Baden?

A

Breisgau vineyards (see the wines of the late Bernhard Huber in Malterdingen)

47
Q

What is the warmest wine growing Bereich district in all of Germany?

Where is it located?

Climate?

A

Kaiserstuhl: Baden’s most celebrated zone for Spätburgunder:

  • The compact district, which occupies a chain of hills rising steeply above the river west of Freiburg, located on an extinct volcano, draped in varying layers of loess, supplies some of the Upper Rhine Valley’s most splendid, dramatic scenery
  • Kaiserstuhl is the warmest winegrowing district in all of Germany. It’s greatest viticultural liability is one usually not associated with Germany: too much sun, too much heat, too much potential alcohol. The weather warms, the wines become more muscular, and the vines lie nearly within reach of the river’s banks.
48
Q

What is the warmest and sunniest winegrowing region in Germany?

A

Baden

In the Kaisersthul district–in warm vintages, Spätburgunder passing the 15% mark is not unheard of

49
Q

What keeps Baden dry?

A

Rain shadow of the Vosges Mountains.

50
Q

What is the style of Baden Spätburgunder?

A

Exemplified by the Kaiserstuhl wines

  • Ripe and robust. Richer in body and lower in acidity than Ahr examples.
  • In the warmer climate, partial whole-cluster fermentations are not uncommon.
  • In the Baden vineyard, an important reconsideration involves the adoption of Dijon clones, once thought essential to success in the Burgundy model. As in Russian River, Baden is just too warm for these grapes, and producers are starting to take a fresh look at Swiss Mariafeld clones and some new German clones, newly selected for quality rather than yield.
51
Q

VDP Grosse Lage permitted varieties in Baden?

A

Spätburgunder, Weissburgunder, Grauburgunder, Riesling, and Chardonnay

53
Q

What white grape has achieved more success in Baden than elsewhere in Germany?

What are sweet styles of this grape called in the Baden?

A

Grauburgunder (Pinot Gris)

  • Typically dry and golden in color. Skin contact, drawing out Pinot Gris’ coppery tones, is routine.
  • Grosse Lage Grauburgunder is rarely produced outside of Baden, and here it is almost always dry.
  • Sweeter styles, when made, are usually labeled under the synonym Ruländer.
53
Q

What is the most planted grape in Württemberg?
What is the second most planted red grape?
What is the third most planted red grape?

A

1st: Trollinger (Schiava)
2nd: Lemberger (Blaufränkisch) is third most planted behind Riesling.

3rd: Schwarzriesling (Meunier)
- Speciality of Württemberg; German cultivation of the Champagne grape is almost exclusive to Württemberg, where it typically produces light, fruity, quaffable wines.

54
Q

What is Schillerwein?

A

Schillerwein, a specialized style of rosé wine, is unique to the Württemberg region. Historically, it was composed of a field blend of red and white grapes, crushed and fermented together. Today, the red and white lots are blended prior to fermentation to achieve the wine’s bright rosy color.

  • typically light, trocken or halbtrocken in style, and contain 11 to 12.5% finished alcohol.
  • Alongside pink Champagne, it is one of the few styles of European rosés for which blending is permitted. For Schillerwein, it is the rule
  • Württemberg, where per capita drinking is highest in all of Germany, the wine is gulped rather than sipped, traditionally from stemless glass mugs common in the region’s wine taverns.
55
Q

What major tributary of Rhine flows through Württemberg?

A

Neckar River

-meets the Rhine just south of Worms.

56
Q

Where is the largest concentration of vineyards in Württemberg?

A

Württembergisch Unterland Bereich

57
Q

What is one of the most famous estates producing in Württemberg?

A

Weingut Graf Neipperg of Schwaigern.

The owner is Karl Neipperg. His brother, Stephan von Neipperg of Saint-Émilion, is easily the more widely recognized figure in the wine world today.

58
Q

What is the world’s most northerly wine region dedicated to red wine production?

What allows for the region to produce red wine? (4)

Orientation?
Body of water?
Mountain range?
Soils?

A

Ahr, north of the 50th parallel.

  • Aided by its east-west orientation, the Ahr Valley benefits from the moderating influence of the Gulf Stream, and the growing season here is longer than in nearby regions like Mittelrhein or the Mosel.
  • The whole region is a canyon, protected from wind and rain amidst the low Eifel Mountains. In this rain shadow, sunlight hours are higher, with fewer bouts of botrytis than the Mosel. It is still a cool climate winegrowing region, with an average annual temperature of only 9.8° C (49.5° F).
  • Dark slate soils store heat for chilly evenings, and south-facing aspects are essential.
59
Q

What is the river that surrounds the region of Ahr?

A

The Ahr River, a tributary of the Rhine.

**really more of a creek, meandering 25 kilometers eastward.

60
Q

What is the grosslagen of Ahr?

A

Klosterberg

61
Q

What is the bereich of the Ahr?

A

Walporzheim-Ahrtal “WAL-poor-zime-ar-tall”

62
Q

Name two producers of Spätburgunder in the Ahr.

A

Meyer-Näkel and Kreuzberg (utilize barrique in their high-end cuvee to crest richer styles)

Others: Jean Stodden, J.J. Adeneuer

62
Q

What soil is Ahr Spätburgunder grown on?

A

It is a rare example of slate grown pinot noir. Sometimes providing a smoky undertone to this unique union of grape and soil.

63
Q

How is the Ahr Valley divided?

Describe the different styles of Spätburgunder?

A

Upper Ahr: west of Walporzheim and Lower Ahr, spanning the remaining distance to the vier’s confluence with the Rhine.

—Upper Ahr: Nearly pure slate soils, phylloxera is nonexistent, and they are a few century-old vineyards, still trained in the single-post system.
—Lower Ahr: more densely planted, with more basalt-derived clay and sand atop dark slate. It is also warmer, with harvests occurring on average 10 days earlier than in the Upper Ahr Valley. Exhibit a more opulent character.

64
Q

How steep are the vineyards in the Ahr?

A

Quite steep, reaching 60 to 70% grade or more

65
Q

Who pivoted the Ahr region towards red wine production?
When?

What changes were made?

A

Meyer-Näkel in the village of Dernau lead the charge in the 1980’s.

  • With Burgundy as an example, producers began emphasizing dryness, abandoning thermovinification, employing longer macerations, and aging in French oak barrels.
  • Guyot training replaced the traditional single-post system in serious vineyards, providing more sun exposure in the Ahr’s northerly climate.
  • Dijon clones of Pinot Noir and new clones from Geisenheim, selected for quality, began to appear alongside the Swiss Mariafeld clones and German clones more often selected for high yields and cold hardiness.
66
Q

Is whole-cluster fermentations and chaptalization common in the Ahr?

A
  • Whole-cluster fermentations are essentially unknown since stems remain green
  • chaptalization is common
67
Q

Where is the city of Koblenz?

A

Located in the Mittelrhein.

It is where the Mosel and Rhine rivers meet, as well as the Ahr and the Rhine.

68
Q

What are the Bereiche of the Mittelrhein?

A

Siebengebirge

Lorelei

69
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Mittelrhein?

A

Rielsing (grape account for almost 70% of the total acreage.

70
Q

What is Frühburgunder?

How does it compare to Spätburgunder?

A

Frühburgunder, known in France as Pinot Noir Precocé

  • the second most planted red variety in the Ahr. (genetically the same variety as Portugieser, but producers in the Ahr traditionally treat it as distinct.)
  • a troublesome grape. Harvests about two weeks before Spätburgunder—a period in which it is the only ripe fruit or berry in the region, making it a prime target for wasps and birds and necessitating netting.
  • Prone to millerandage. Develops thicker skins than Spätburgunder, with more color and less acidity in the glass. Fruit flavors become concentrated and liqueur-like, and the wine often has more richness and immediate approachability than Ahr Spätburgunder.
71
Q

How does the Mittlerhein compare to the Mosel?

A

Similarities- Steep slopes of the Rhine gorge and Devonian slate soils.

Differences-South-facing orientations are much rarer in the Mittelrhein.

-Riesling producers in Mittelrhein have more interest in trocken and halbtrocken styles of wine than those in the Mosel—for the 2014 vintage, 65% of Mittelrhein’s production was recorded as dry or off-dry, while the majority of Mosel wines were still clocking in at lieblich (medium sweet) or süss.

72
Q

What is the smallest Anbaugebiet in Germany?

A

Hessische-Bergstrasse, both in physical size and hectares planted

73
Q

Historically, what were the Bergstrasse’s vineyards apart of?

A

Historically, they were constituted as a sort of satellite region for the Rheingau, as they were once among the thousands of hectares tended by the Cistercian monks of Kloster Eberbach.

-One reminder of the region’s past link to the Rheingau remains: the largest vineyard holding (35 planted hectares) belongs to Kloster Eberbach and the state winery, Hessische Staatsweingüter.

74
Q

What German region is known as the “spring garden”?

A

Hessische-Bergstrasse, signaling a transition in phase from the cooler areas to its immediate north to the warmer growing region of Baden directly south of it.

75
Q

What is the most planted grape in Hessische-Bergstrasse?

A

Riesling, accounting for 45% of the total acreage, but the wines rarely achieve the same tense acidity as they produce in the Rheingau. Hessische-Bergstrasse wines are usually consumed locally and infrequently exported

77
Q

What are the Bereiche of Hessische-Bergstrasse?

A

Starkenburg

Umstadt

78
Q

What village and Bereich are most vineyards clustered around in Hessische-Bergstrasse?

A

The village of Heppenheim in the Starkenburg Bereich

78
Q

What is the most northerly region of Germany? Where are they located?

A

Saale-Unstrut and Sachsen (Saxony). At 51° N latitude, they are far to the east of the country’s more renowned vineyards.

80
Q

What river does Sachsen follow to the Czech border?

A

Elbe River

81
Q

What is Germany’s fastest growing wine region, as of 2016?

A

Saale-Unstrut

82
Q

Who is the first VDP member and largest estate in Saxony (Sachsen)?

A

Schloss Proschwitz

83
Q

What two rivers valleys make up Saale Unstrut?

A

Saale River and Unstrut river. About 150 kilometers west of Sachsen, near Leipzig.

84
Q

What is the most planted variety in Sachsen and Saale-Unstrut?

A

Müller-Thurgau remains the most planted variety in each region. (Riesling will likely overtake it in Sachsen in 2017 or 2018.

85
Q

What is Goldriesling?

A

Local specialty claimed by Sachsen

-A grape crossing developed in 1893 at the Oberlin Institute in Alsace. The grape is not commercially farmed in Alsace and claims only about a dozen hectares in Sachsen. Several estates make dry to off-dry, lively, aromatic wines with the rare variety.

Germany (9 decks)

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