Other Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
What are the clinical uses of GH or somatropin?
Treat pituitary dwarfism
Promote growth and correct short stature in women with Turner’s Syndrome
How do GH and its analogues work?
Stimulates hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor, which promotes uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis
What adverse effects are seen in use of GH?
Hypertension
Carpal tunnel syndrome*
Diabetes
Cardiomegaly*
Cardiomyopathy
What is pegvisomant used to treat?
Acromegaly
How does pegvisomant work?
Inhibition of GH receptors in the liver
What adverse effects are seen with pegvisomant use?
Elevated liver enzymes
What are octreotide, lanreotide, and pasireotide used to treat?
Acromegaly, with lanreotide also used for thyroid tumors and pasireotide used for excess glucocorticoids
How do somatostatin analgoues (octreotide) work?
They mimic actions of somatostatin and inhibit GH secretion
What are some adverse effects of somatostatin analogues (octreotide)?
Sinus bradycardia*
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Nausea
Headache
Fatigue
Who should not be treated with somatostatin analogues?
Patients with Type I diabetes
What are benefits of estrogen HRT?
Prevent menopausal symptoms
Protect against osteoporosis
Does not reduce the risk of coronary heart disease
What are some adverse effects of estrogen HRT?
Cyclical withdrawal bleeding
Increased risk of endometrial cancer (without progestogen)*
Increased risk for breast cancer (related to duration of use)*
Increased risk of thromboembolism
What is testosterone HRT used for?
Male hypogonadism
Female hyposexuality following ovariectomy
What are the adverse effects of testosterone HRT?
Infertility with continued use*
Salt and water retention (edema)*
Acne*
Impaired growth in children
Masculinization in women
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues are used to treat what condition?
Prostate cancer
What class of drugs are gonadorelin, buserelin, leuprorelin, goserelin, and nafarelin a part of?
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues
How do gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues work?
Chromic administration inhibits the release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), which leads to decreased testosterone
What are some adverse effects seen with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue use?
Transient surge of testosterone secretion*
Decreased libido*
Hot flashes
How does degarelix work to treat prostate cancer?
Reversible inhibition of GnRH receptors, decreasing FSH and LH, which results in rapid androgen deprivation and decreased testosterone
What is the most common adverse effect with degarelix?
Hot flashes
What class of medications includes bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, and cyproterone?
Non-steroidal anti-androgens
How do non-steroidal anti-androgens work?
They compete for androgen receptors in target tissue
Aside from prostate cancer, non-steroidal anti-androgens are indicated for what?
Treatment of testosterone surges caused by GnRH analogues
What class of medication does abiraterone belong to?
Androgen biosynthesis inhibitors
