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Pharm 233 Midterm 2 > Other Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Other Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical uses of GH or somatropin?

A

Treat pituitary dwarfism
Promote growth and correct short stature in women with Turner’s Syndrome

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2
Q

How do GH and its analogues work?

A

Stimulates hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor, which promotes uptake of amino acids and protein synthesis

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3
Q

What adverse effects are seen in use of GH?

A

Hypertension
Carpal tunnel syndrome*
Diabetes
Cardiomegaly*
Cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

What is pegvisomant used to treat?

A

Acromegaly

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5
Q

How does pegvisomant work?

A

Inhibition of GH receptors in the liver

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6
Q

What adverse effects are seen with pegvisomant use?

A

Elevated liver enzymes

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7
Q

What are octreotide, lanreotide, and pasireotide used to treat?

A

Acromegaly, with lanreotide also used for thyroid tumors and pasireotide used for excess glucocorticoids

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8
Q

How do somatostatin analgoues (octreotide) work?

A

They mimic actions of somatostatin and inhibit GH secretion

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9
Q

What are some adverse effects of somatostatin analogues (octreotide)?

A

Sinus bradycardia*
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Nausea
Headache
Fatigue

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10
Q

Who should not be treated with somatostatin analogues?

A

Patients with Type I diabetes

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11
Q

What are benefits of estrogen HRT?

A

Prevent menopausal symptoms
Protect against osteoporosis
Does not reduce the risk of coronary heart disease

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12
Q

What are some adverse effects of estrogen HRT?

A

Cyclical withdrawal bleeding
Increased risk of endometrial cancer (without progestogen)*
Increased risk for breast cancer (related to duration of use)*
Increased risk of thromboembolism

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13
Q

What is testosterone HRT used for?

A

Male hypogonadism
Female hyposexuality following ovariectomy

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of testosterone HRT?

A

Infertility with continued use*
Salt and water retention (edema)*
Acne*
Impaired growth in children
Masculinization in women

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15
Q

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues are used to treat what condition?

A

Prostate cancer

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16
Q

What class of drugs are gonadorelin, buserelin, leuprorelin, goserelin, and nafarelin a part of?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues

17
Q

How do gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues work?

A

Chromic administration inhibits the release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH), which leads to decreased testosterone

18
Q

What are some adverse effects seen with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue use?

A

Transient surge of testosterone secretion*
Decreased libido*
Hot flashes

19
Q

How does degarelix work to treat prostate cancer?

A

Reversible inhibition of GnRH receptors, decreasing FSH and LH, which results in rapid androgen deprivation and decreased testosterone

20
Q

What is the most common adverse effect with degarelix?

A

Hot flashes

21
Q

What class of medications includes bicalutamide, enzalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide, and cyproterone?

A

Non-steroidal anti-androgens

22
Q

How do non-steroidal anti-androgens work?

A

They compete for androgen receptors in target tissue

23
Q

Aside from prostate cancer, non-steroidal anti-androgens are indicated for what?

A

Treatment of testosterone surges caused by GnRH analogues

24
Q

What class of medication does abiraterone belong to?

A

Androgen biosynthesis inhibitors

25
Q

How do androgen biosynthesis inhibitors work?

A

Selective inhibition of CYP17, which is required for androgen biosynthesis

26
Q

What are the adverse effects of androgen biosynthesis inhibitor use?

A

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Peripheral edema*

27
Q

Finasteride and minoxidil are used to treat what condition?

A

Alopecia

28
Q

How does finasteride work?

A

Inhibitions of 5-alpha-reductase, preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone

29
Q

What are some adverse effects of finasteride?

A

Reduced libido (impotence)*
Tenderness of the breasts

30
Q

How does minoxidil work?

A

Vasodilation, increasing blood supply to hair follicles and stimulating new growth

31
Q

What is eflornithine used to treat?

A

Hirsutism

32
Q

How does eflornithine work?

A

Irreversibly inhibits ornithine decarboxylase in hair follicles, reducing hair growth

33
Q

What is a side effect of eflornithine?

A

Acne

34
Q

How does bromocriptine work?

A

Acts as a dopamine D2 receptor agonist

35
Q

What is bromocriptine used to treat?

A

Hyperprolactinemia
Galactorrhea

36
Q

What medication behaves similar to cabergoline and quinagolide?

A

Bromocriptine

37
Q

What adverse effects are associated with bromocriptine?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness
Constipation
Postural hypotension*

Pharm 233 Midterm 2 (10 decks)

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