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Pharm 233 Midterm 2 > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypochromic or microcytic anemia?

A

Small RBCs with low hemoglobin. Caused by chronic blood loss.

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2
Q

What is megaloblastic anemia?

A

Large red cells, few in number. Caused by a deficiency of B12 or folic acid.

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3
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

Fewer, normal-sized RBCs with normal hemoglobin levels. Caused by a deficiency of B12 due to defect in intrinsic factor.

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4
Q

What type of anemia is iron used to treat?

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

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5
Q

What factors limit iron absorption?

A

Taking iron on an empty stomach
Some medications (H2RAs, antacids)
Some foods
Intake of ferric iron instead of ferrous

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6
Q

What causes iron-deficiency anemia?

A

Chronic blood loss
Increased demand (ex. pregnancy and early infancy)
Inadequate dietary intake
Inadequate absorption

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7
Q

What are some side effects of taking iron supplements?

A

GI disturbances
Toxic effects if large doses are ingested

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8
Q

How does B12 deficiency lead to megaloblasts?

A

B12 deficiency prevents cells from maturing properly and results in abnormal DNA replication

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9
Q

For what conditions is B12 treatment indicated?

A

Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic and macrocytic anemia

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10
Q

For what conditions is folic acid treatment indicated?

A

Megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias
Prevention of neural tube defects in neonates
Adjunct to methotrexate to prevent toxicity
Pernicious anemia (with B12)

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11
Q

For what conditions is treatment with erythropoietins indicated?

A

Anemia in advanced renal failure
Anemia associated with chemotherapy and AIDS

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12
Q

What adverse effects are seen with erythropoietin treatment?

A

Iron deficiency
Thrombosis
Hypertension
Seizures

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13
Q

Filgrastim, lenograstim, and pegfilgrastim are what type of colony-stimulating factor?

A

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors

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14
Q

Sargramostim is what type of colony-stimulating factor?

A

Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor

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15
Q

How do colony stimulating factors work?

A

They bind receptors on myeloid progenitor cells

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16
Q

How do G-CSFs and GM-CSFs differ?

A

G-CSFs only stimulate proliferation of neutrophils
GM-CSFs stimulate production of neutrophils and monocytes as well as their actions

17
Q

What are colony-stimulating factors indicated for?

A

Adjunct treatment to myelosuppressive chemotherapy
Severe, chronic neutropenia
Prevention and treatment of neutropenia in HIV patients

18
Q

What are the side effects of taking colony-stimulating factors?

A

Bone loss (stimulates osteoclasts)
Joint pain
Renal dysfunction
Acute respiratory distress
Splenomegaly or splenic rupture
Sickle cell crises

19
Q

Eltrombopag and romiplostim are agonists of what?

A

Thrombopoietin

20
Q

What are megakaryocyte growth factors indicated for?

A

Treatment of thrombocytopenia following chemotherapy

Pharm 233 Midterm 2 (10 decks)

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