OTHER EARTHQUAKES

Question 1

San Francisco 1989 AC

Answer 1

Timing/ Infrastructure Damage/ Economic Damage

 Conservative slip fault
 6.9 on Richter scale - epicentre 60 miles south San Francisco
 Hit during ball game fewer people
 Social impacts – 62 dead & 4000 injured & 6000 homeless
 Fires caused more damage than building collapse
 Economic - $6 billion
 Environmental - Liquification of bay area, fires
 Political - V fast response & rescue & strong building enforcement  not many collapsed.

Question 2

Christchurch, NZ AC 2010 & 2011

Answer 2

Economic Cost/ Buildings Weakened/Timings

Strike slip fault
2010 2011
7.1 & 10km deep 6.3 & 5km deep (16 x
more energy)
5am 1pm
0 deaths 185 deaths as people out
350 homes damaged 45% of all buildings
damaged
Pre-damaged buildings
collapsed
Liquification riverside areas Liquification damaged roads
$2. billion eco impact $20 billion eco impact

Question 3

Gorkha, Nepal 2015 LIDC

Answer 3

Geographical Relief, Monsoon Season/ Culture

Uneven effects/aid/response
* Collision Plate Boundary (Indian Plate/Eurasian Plate)
* 7.8 magnitude, 15km deep & aftershocks
* 9000 died & 23,000 injured
* Earthquake landslides & avalanches
* Relief emergency relief difficult inaccessible/no equipment - had to use hands. Tourists rescued ahead of locals.
* Emergency response was swift & well-organised
* Medical supplies & food & water distributed quickly
* 1/3 population affected - building quality poor
* 90% of homes in rural areas destroyed
* 1 million people required food aid (single woman found it difficult - culture)
* I million kids without school
* International Relief effort - 60 countries
* Long-term Under resourced - money  Everest Base camp not locals
* Economic - $10 billion 33% of GDP - NO resilience & Tourism hit
* Political instability - India accused of self-promotion t
* Cultural - UNESCO world Heritage sites damaged

Question 4

Kashmir (Pakistan) 2005 EDC

Answer 4

Timing & Location Impacts

• Collision Plate Boundary (Indian Plate/Eurasian Plate)
• October & high altitude in mountains (v cold)- hypothermia
• Early morning in Ramadam people asleep death in collapsed homes
• 7.6  landslides
• 79,000 deaths, 100,0000 injured
• 90% homes flattened  3.3 million homeless
• Response - Indecision take aid up or bring people down from mountains
• Political - India would not let aid in.
• 1 million homeless after 1 year, 25,000 in tents after 2