Other Drugs Flashcards
Disulfiram
Drug used to help tx alcohol dependence
-blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase => causes aversive rxn to alcohol (flushing, nausea)
-but requires compliance, so works only in highly motivated pts
Naltrexone
Opioid receptor blocker
-used to prevent relapses into drug or EtOH abuse
-lowers desires/craving and the high from EtOH
Acamprosate
Inhibits glutamate receptors
-used to tx alcohol dependence, given post detox to prevent relapse
Benefit: it can be used in pts w/ liver disease
Topiramate
Topiramate (topamax) = anticonvulsant
-activates GABA and inhibits glutamate receptor
Can be used in tx of EtOH dependence, reduces cravings for EtOH
How to treat barbiturate OD
Alkalinize urine w/ NaHCO3 to promote renal excretion
How to treat benzo OD
Flumazenil = short-acting BDZ antagonist
-use w/ caution b/c can precipitate seizures
Which opioid is contraindicated w/ MAOIs?
Meperidine (demerol) b/c if taken together can cause serotonin syndrome
Features of serotonin syndrome
Cognitive: confusion, hallucinations
Autonomic: hyperthermia, hyper or hypotension, tachycardia, nausea
Somatic: rigidity, myoclonus (twitching), hyperreflexia, tremor
Donepezil
= Aricept
-cholinesterase inhibitor used in palliative tx of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s
(recall that Alzheimer’s is a disease of low ACh)
Memantine
= Namenda
- NMDA receptor antagonist => inhibits glutaminergic system
- used in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s and dementia w/ Lewy Bodies
Clonazepam
= Klonopin
- Benzo (sedative), taken PO
- indications: seizure prevention, panic d/o, akathisia (mov’t d/o)
Amantadine
= L-dopa
-used to treat Parkinsonian side effects of antipsychotics
How is lithium cleared?
Renally
=> use Li in caution in pts w/ renal insufficiency
