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therapeutics 864 - exam 1 > Other chemotherapies & review > Flashcards

Other chemotherapies & review Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is a topoisomerase inhibitor?

Carboplatin
Irinotecan
Paclitaxel
Methotrexate

A

Irinotecan

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2
Q

Chemotherapy can be selective for cancers cells over normal cells for what reasons?

Some cancers grow faster than normal cells
Some cancers have defective cell cycle checkpoints
Some cancer selectively activate prodrugs of chemotherapy agents
All of the above

A

All of the above

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3
Q

Which drug targets the kinases directly involved in cell cycle control?
Question options:
Dabrafenib
Olaparib
Lapatinib
Palbociclib

A

Palbociclib

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4
Q

What is the most common DOSE-LIMITING side effect for cancer therapeutics?

Neuropathy
Rash
Nephrotoxicity
Myelosuppression

A

Myelosuppression

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5
Q

One of the most common forms of leukemia is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). In most cases these leukemic cells contain a chromosomal abnormality that is a “target” for drug therapy that is not seen in non-leukemic white blood cells. A current treatment of choice for this form of cancer is:

Trastuzumab
Bortemzomib
Imatinib
Tamoxifen

A

Imatinib

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6
Q

SM is a 52-year-old man with a new diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Complete pathologic review revealed a translocation of EML4-ALK. Which therapy would be prescribed?

Quizartinib
Gefitinib
Alectinib
Imatinib

A

Alectinib

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7
Q

A postmenopausal woman is diagnosed with ER-/HER2+ breast cancer and is treated with standard of care first-line therapy. First line therapy here could consist of which two antibodies?

A bispecific antibody and an antibody that binds the TCR
Pertuzumab and Bevacizumab
Trastuzumab and Rituximab
Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab

A

Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a cell type found in solid tumors?

Blood vessels
T-cells
Tumor cells
All are found in solid tumors

A

All are found in solid tumors

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9
Q

Which of following agents is appropriate regarding the treatment of women with ER-positive breast cancer?

Letrozole may be used in pre and postmenopausal women
Tamoxifen may be used in pre and postmenopausal women
Abiraterone may be used in pre and postmenopausal women
Enzalutamide may be used in pre and postmenopausal women

A

Tamoxifen may be used in pre and postmenopausal women

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10
Q

The use of which drug is based on the concept of synthetic lethality?

Methrotexate
Cisplatin
Irinotecan
Olaparib

A

Olaparib

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11
Q

Which of the following drugs acts by binding to HER2?

Trastuzumab
Pertuzumab
Margetuximab
All of the above

A

All of the above

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12
Q

Which of the following drugs exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting the interaction between PD1 and PDL1?

Cetuximab
Ipilimumab
Atezolizumab
All of the above

A

Atezolizumab

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13
Q

What concept of immunity must be overcome for the immune system to successfully eliminate cancer cells?

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Central tolerance
T-cell activity
B-cell activity

A

Central tolerance

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14
Q

What is the function of the cetuximab?

To block EGFR ligand binding
The same as panitumumab
To binding VEGF
The same at Pertuzumab
A and B

A

A and B

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15
Q

pt is post menopausal w metastatic breast cancer to the lung (ER/PR +, HER2 -). best regimen?

> letrozole & palbociclib
laptinib & capecitabine
trastuzumab
paxlitaxel
irinotecan

A

> letrozole & palbociclib

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16
Q

___________modifications are an emerging area in cancer therapeutics

A

chromatin

17
Q

__Methylation/Acetylation__ of histones can increase the transcription of ___ ___genes.

A

Acetylation; tumor suppressor

acetylated histones = gene switched on = unmethylated cytosines

18
Q

Romidepsin, Vorinostat, belinostat, and Panobinostat are examples of _________inhibitors

A

deacetylation

19
Q

methylation at histone __#__, lysine __#__ by EZH2 is increased & mutated by many cancers

what is a drug that is considered a EZH2 inhibitor?

A

histone 3, lysine 27

Tazemetostat

20
Q

t/f 5-azacytidine (azacitibine) blocks DNA methylation via inhibition of DNMT

A

true; azacitabine covalently binds DNMT enzymes, preventing their function (cytosine)

leads to reactivation of tumor suppressor genes

21
Q

t/f azacitabine incorporates into DNA and RNA

A

TRUE

22
Q

what is azacitabine indicated for?

A

myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

23
Q

The _____breaks down misfolded proteins and proteins gets targeted for degradation by _________

Utilized in cell signaling and in normal protein turn over.

Multiple ______cells make a lot of _____(i.e. antibodies because they are B-cell cancer) so they are good targets for proteasome inhibition.

Cancer cells have to degrade __more/less__ “bad” proteins than normal cells

A

proteasome; ubiquitination

myeloma ; proteins

more

24
Q

what is the suffix for drugs that inhibit proteasome activity?

A

-zomib

25
Q

Bortezomib is a _________ inhibitor which results in the inability of ___ proteasome to degrade ubiquinated proteins which leads to _____

A

proteasome; 26S; cell death (apoptosis)

26
Q

why are proteasome inhibitors good for multiple myeloma tx?

A

these cells make a lot of proteins (antibodies)

27
Q

pomalidomide is an analog of ________ and is approved for the tx of _________ and ______ sarcoma

A

thalidomide; multiple myeloma & kaposi sarcoma

28
Q

pomalidomide binds ___ to induce it to _______ & degrade _______

A

cereblon; ubiquitinate; IKZF TFs (ikaros zink-finger family transcription factors)

29
Q

Pomalidomide is regulated by ________ REMS

A

POMALYST

30
Q

______ overexpression allows cancer cells to evade apoptosis by equestering pro-apoptotic protiens

A

BCL-2

goal of drugs is to inhibit BCL-2

31
Q

____drug____ binds selectively to BCL-2 freeing pro-apoptotic proteins that initiate programmed cell death

A

venclexta

32
Q

________ is an anti-apoptotic protein __under/over___ expressed in tumor cells that contributes to apoptotic resistance

A

BCL-2; overexpressed

33
Q

what is the only drug that we learned that is a BCL-2 inhibitor that drives cell death

A

venetoclax

34
Q

what is the 1st FDA approved small molecule that inhibits a protein-protein interaction?

A

venetoclax

35
Q

which of the following monoclonal antibodies target VEGF1 or 2?
>a. cetuximab
>b. rituximab
>c. bevacizumab
>d. ramucirumab
>e. a+b
>f. b+c
>g. c+d
>h. all of the above

A

G. bevacizumab & ramucirumab

therapeutics 864 - exam 1 (10 decks)

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