Other body fluid test

Question 1

What is the normal appearance of fluid from paracentesis and thoracentesis. how much should be present in the peritonealcavity

Answer 1

clear yellow. <50 mL

Question 2

Normal WBC count of peritoneal pleural fluid

Answer 2

<300 per mcL

Question 3

Normal protein amount of peritoneal and pleural fluid

Answer 3

<4.1 g/dL

Question 4

Normal glucose range of peritoneal and pleural fluid

Answer 4

70-100 mg/dL (similar to serum)

Question 5

Amylase range of normal paracentesis and thoracentesis

Answer 5

138-404 units/L (pancreatic screening)

Question 6

normal CEA findings of paracentesis and thoracentesis

Answer 6

<5ng/mL

Question 7

formula for preferred method of differentiating transudate and exudate peritoneal fluid

Answer 7

Serum Ascitic Albumin Gradient (SAAG) = [ALB]serum - [ALB]ascitic

Question 8

What SAAG value of ascitic fluid differentiates transudative from exudative

Answer 8

transudative>/= 1.1 g/dL. exudative<1.1 g/dL

Question 9

principle cause of transudative ascites

Answer 9

increased hydrostatic P, decreased colloid osmotic P

Question 10

principle cause of exudative ascites

Answer 10

increased vascular permeability from inflammation

Question 11

4 causes of transudative ascites

Answer 11

cirrhosis, heart failure, fulminant hepatic failure, portal vein thrombosis

Question 12

4 causes of exudative ascites

Answer 12

peritoneal carcinomatosis, inflammation of pancreas/biliary system, TB, bowel obstruction/ischemia, lymphoma, peritonitis

Question 13

what does chylous mean

Answer 13

milky (often due to neoplasms- must get cytology report)

Question 14

How would ruptured/strangulated bowel present in paracentesis

Answer 14

increased ammonia, increased alkaline phosphatase

Question 15

Who gets spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

Answer 15

chronic acites patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Question 16

Who gets secondary bacterial peritonitis?

Answer 16

those with a pre-existing abdominal infection

Question 17

Absolute contraindication for paracentesis

Answer 17

acute abdomen requiring surgey

Question 18

How is pericardial effusion detected

Answer 18

echocardiography

Question 19

how does pericardial fluid and synovial fluid appear? how much pericaridal fluid is normally present

Answer 19

clear, straw-colored. 50 mL

Question 20

4 complications of pericardiocentesis

Answer 20

dysrhythmia, CA puncture, left mammary artery puncture/aneurysm, hemothorax

Question 21

what is a QPIT (Quantitative Pilocarpine Iontophoresis Test)

Answer 21

a sweat chloride test

Question 22

How is sweat procured using macroduct technique

Answer 22

with pilogel electrode (Webster Sweat Inducer)

Question 23

How much sweat is needed without macroduct technique

Answer 23

50-100 mg

Question 24

what sweat test Cl value indicates CF

Answer 24

> 60 mmol/L (normal <40. must be performed twice several weeks apart)

Question 25

4 other causes of elevated sweat Cl

Answer 25

adrenal insufficiency, glycogen storage disease, hypothyroidism, vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidis

Question 26

what is a normal volume and liquifaction time for semen

Answer 26

20-30 min. 2-5mL.

Question 27

what is the normal fertile Kruger criteria value? What does it measure?

Answer 27

> 14%. morphology

Question 28

4 drugs that decrease spermatogenesis

Answer 28

spironolactone (diurectic), sulfasalazine (anti-inflammatory), colchicine (gout), allopurinol (gout), anabolic steroids, cyclosporine, chemotherapy

Question 29

what does low synovial fluid glucose indicate

Answer 29

septic joint, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 30

normal WBC, RBC count of synovial fluid

Answer 30

<2,000/mL RBCs

Question 31

normal amount of pleural fluid

Answer 31

5-15 mL

Question 32

normal WBC, RBC count of pleural fluid

Answer 32

<300/mL, no RBCs

Question 33

what are the features of exudative pleural fluid

Answer 33

low glucose, acidic, greater LDH, greater protein