Other arthropathies Flashcards
What are the two main pathogenic mechanism for infectious arthritis
Infection of the joint space may arise via:
- direct inoculation
- local extension from surrounding tissue (usually due to bite wounds or trauma)
- hematogenous spread (rare in cats)
Infectious arthritis typically affects one joint
- although in the case of systemic infection, polyarthropathy can occur
What are the two type of immune-mediated arthritis and what are the typical clinical signs associated
Non-infectious, immune-mediated arthritis is typically subdivided into two separate categories:
- erosive
- non-erosive
Cats with any type of polyarthropathy typically are:
- reluctant to move
- may be pyrexic and systemically unwell
- may have swollen, hyperthermic joints that are painful on manipulation
What are the key factors for periosteal proliferative polyarthritis
Periosteal proliferative polyarthritis is:
- a rheumatoid factor-negative disease
- characterized by the formation of periosteal new bone around affected joints (sometimes progressing to ankylosis), typically the carpi and hochs
Affecetd cats are usually young, retroviral-negative, adult males
Most cats have fever, systemic signs of illness and joint pain
Prognosis is poor and most cats are eventually euthanized
What are the key factors of rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is quite rare in the cat
Circulating rheumatoid factor RF, which is an autoantibody directed against the Fc portion of IgG, binds to IgG to form immune complexes that then become lodged on or in a variety of membranes around the body including the synovial membrane, the glomeruli and other organs
- the involvement of the synovial joints leads to a chronically progressive polyarthropathy that seems to be worse after rest
Eventually the joints become eroded and deformed
A combination of methotrexate and leflunomide was effective in approximately 60% of cases in one study
What are the key features for Scottish fold osteochondrodystrophy
The folded ear trait is inherited in the breed via a possible incomplete dominant pattern
The folded ear phenotype is due to a malformation of the cartilage in the ear
- the cartilage of the joints is affected in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals leading to progressive generalized arthritis and a potentially crippling lameness
There is also an abnormality of bone growth leading to appendicular and axial skeletal deformities, producing shorted limbs with a restricted range of motion in the distal joints, and an inflexible ankylosed, stubby tail
