other Flashcards
Which of the following nerves is responsible for reffered pain to the groin in a kidney w kidney stones?
Genitofemoial N(L1 – L2)
Pain from ureter is reffered to cutaneous areas innerved from spinal segments of the ureter (_____ => groin, scortum and labium majors)
T11-:2
reflex related to ANS and lymphatics
Chapmans point
Kidney stone patient? Perform OMT?
No give toridal
In neurolocal model; treating renal pt at T10-L2 with ST does what?
Normal ANS; decrease sympathetic tone => decrease uteroconstriction
Visceroscomatic reflexes?
nociceptors carry impulses via sympathetic N fibers => synapse w spinal interneurons, => spinal motor neurons
Renal failure tx
- Omt (underlying cause)
- Tx complications
· Scoliosis can cause a dysfunction in _____ function
CP
how do we grade scoliosis
· Cobb method: measure of the Cobb angle is used to classify scoliosis as mild, moderate or severe
o Cobb angle is formed how?
the intersection of a liner parallel to the superior end plate of the most cephalad vertebra in a particular curve, with the line parallel to the inferior end plate of the most caudad vertebra of the curve.
o ____ degrees: mild
o _____ degrees: moderate scoliosis
o ____ degrees: severe scoliosis; compromises respiratory function.
- mild: 5-10
- moderate: 20-45
- severe: >50
· Mild curves can affect our ability to ____.
excercise
What CP problems can impair the flow of lymphatics?
- Pulmonary edema
- Ascites
- Hepatomegaly
- Peripheral edema (electrolyte imbalance)
The thoracic duct is functionally under _____________ control. Thus, how can we
↓ lymphatic flow?
- Sympathetic
- Hypersympathetic tone => ↓ lymphatic flow.
What is the sympathetic innervation of the heart?
- Preganglionic axon: [Intermediolateral column (IMLC) of T1-5] synapse of the [upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia or cervical ganglia]
- Postganglionic axons: leave as sympathetic cardiac nerves => converge at the cardiac plexus
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?
- Preganglionic axons from the
- [dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve]
- [nucleus ambiguous]
- synapse on the cardiac plexus
What types of fibers are most strongly concentrated in the SA/AV node (and lesser extend the myocardium)?
- Cholinergic and adrenergic fibers
Sympathetic activation of the heart => ____ HR and ________ of the coronary artery
- Increase
- dilation
Parasympathetic activation of the heart => ____ HR and ________ of the coronary artery
- Decrease
- Constriction
Smooth muscle tone of the airways is controlled by the _________NS
- Parasympathetic
__________________ innervation of the airways causes bronchoconstriction, bronchial vasodilation and mucus secretion
- M3 cholinergic innervation
_______________ innervation cause bronchodilation
NO and VIP
_______________ of the lungs are controlled by parasympathetics, though the parasympathetic nerves are anatomically and physiologically distinct from one another
- BOTH relaxation and constriction
What is the OMM treatment in a cardiopulmonary patient?
- Treat OA/AA
- Open thoracic inlet
- Rib raise/ treat ribs
- Treat diapragm
- Perform lymphatic pump
- Treat T1-T7 dysfunction
What can we use to decrease SVR?
- Generalized paraspinal inhibition (d/t widespread distribution of sympathetic NS)
Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological component to treat HTN?
- Decrease sympathetic tone
- Also: Perform paraspinal inhibition and treat OA/AA
How does HF affect the thoracic duct?
- Thoracic duct cant empty => dilate => peripheral edema
When using OMT to treat HF, what should we be cautious of?
- Not to overwhelm circulatory system and make sx worse.
Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and respiratory/circulatory component to treat CHF?
- Neurological
- Paraspinal inhibition of T1-6 (SNS)
- Suboccipital release (PNS)
- Chapmans points
- Res[/circ
- rib raising
- lymphatics
When treating arrythmias, OMT should focus on what?
- Reduce segmental facilitation in the upper thoracics
- Modify vagal tonicity
Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and respiratory/circulatory component to treat arrythmias?
- Neurological
- Treat OA, AA SD
- Paraspinal inhibition of T-6
- Chapmans points
- Respiratory
- Valsalva manever
- Carotid sinus massage
3 goals when using OMT to treat pneumonia?
- Decrease congestion
- Decrease sympathetic hyperactivity to parenchyma of the lung
- Decrease mechanical problems that affect motion of the thoracic cage
Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and respiratory/circulatory component to treat pneumonia?
- Neurological
- Paraspinal inhibition of T1-7
- CV4
- Treat OA/AA to normalize parasympathetics
- Respiratory-circulatory
- Rib raising
- Treat Zink Patterns
- Lymphatic treatments
Using the 5-model approach, what is the goal of the neurological and metabolic/energetic-immune component to treat COPD?
- Neuro
- T1-7 (SNS)
- OA, AA (PNS)
- Chapmans
- Metabolic-energetic- immune
- Neuro
- T1-7 (SNS)
- OA, AA (PNS)
- Chapmans
- Metabolic-energetic- immune
- Dome the diaphragm
- Drugs
*
what is a CI in COPD pts (met/energetix/immune)?
Thoracic vacuum
What are 3 things to consider when using OMT in CP patients?
- Use indirect treatments
- Moving too much fluid from [periphery => central] => high volume stress to CO.
- Increase in sympathetic tone => constriction of lymphatic vessels and BV
