Other

Question 1

Why does atelectasis occur post operatively?

Answer 1

Associated with general anaesthetic. Surgery (abdo and thoracic) cause pain and patients do not breath normally/cough leading to secretions and alveolar collapse.

Question 2

How can you investigate for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema ?

Answer 2

Central venous pressure >18 mmHg
(Or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)

High pressure suggests failure of left ventricular output. This is a good test to differentiate from ARDS or non cardiac pulmonary oedema.

Normal 6-12mmHg

Question 3

What’s pickwickian syndrome?

Answer 3

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Question 4

What Is bronchiolitis obliterans?

Answer 4

Post bone marrow transplant, obstructive lung disease,

Question 5

Similarities in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis?

Answer 5

Bilateral hilar LN

Erthyema nodosum

Question 6

What is pulmonary alveolar proteinosis?

Answer 6

Accumulation of surfactants in the lung, leading to decreased gas exchange and dyspnoea
Dx: lung biopsy with periodic acid Schiff (pas) positive
Rx: whole lung lavage, ?transplant

Question 7

What scale is used to access dyspnoea severity? And the grades

Answer 7

Modified MRC dyspnoea scale
0- no breathlessness
1- breathless when hurrying or up slight hilL
2- walks slower than others or has to stop for own breath when walking at own pace
3- stops for breath after 100m
4- too breathless to leave the house