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Coagulation > Other > Flashcards

Other Flashcards

1
Q

Specimen integrity in Bluetop tube

A

Under filling the tube, high hematocrit, hemolyzed sample

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2
Q

Sodium citrate mechanism of action

A

Citrate chelates calcium, but much more mildly than EDTA

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3
Q

Alpha-2 macroglobulin

A

Blocks the activity of factors 2 and 10, causing thrombophilia

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4
Q

Activated protein C resistance

A

Caused by a point mutation in the F5 gene, factor 5 Leiden, protein C cannot inactivate F5, so clotting continues

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5
Q

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthemia

A

A hemorrhagic disorder, platelets lack the glycoprotein 2b/3a receptor that binds fibrinogen, causing poor aggregation response with anything but Ristocetin
Also do not show clot retraction

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6
Q

Gray platelet syndrome

A

Large platelets that lack Alpha granules, causing abnormal aggregation and prolonged bleeding time

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7
Q

Bernard Soulier syndrome

A

Giant platelets without glycoprotein 1B receptor, does not find VWF well and so does not a tear to side of damage. Does not aggregate with any agonists.

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8
Q

Afibrinogenemia

A

Inherited fibrinogen deficiency, fibrinogen bridges do not form so platelets do not aggregate

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9
Q

von Willenbrand Disease characteristics

A

Hereditary bleeding disorder, affecting primary and secondary hemostasis. Needed for platelet adhesion and as a carrier for F8:C. Variable PTT/F8, low VWF antigen, low VWF ristocetin cofactor I say, abnormal platelet aggregation with ristocetin
Platelet aggregation using ristocetin uses the patients platelets, and these have a high affinity for low-dose ristocetin

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10
Q

Tissue factor function

A

Released from injured endothelial cells and activates F7 to start the extrinsic pathway

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11
Q

Membrane phospholipids in the coagulation process

A

Phospholipids are contained on the platelet membrane, and provide a surface for contact factor activation
Activate the intrinsic pathway factors 11, 5, and 8 along with calcium

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12
Q

Thrombin action

A

Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen into a fibrin monomer and fibrinopeptides A and B, the monomers polymerize into a stable fibrin clot

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13
Q

What are the contact factors?

A

Need a negatively charged service to activate, a complex of factor 12, HMWK, and prekallikrein to activate factor 11
Contact factor deficiencies cause PTT prolongation

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14
Q

Causes of delayed bleeding

A

Factor 14, antiplasmin deficiency, PAI-1 deficiency

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15
Q

Causes of increased fibrinolysis

A

Factor 13 deficiency, PAI – 1 deficiency, antiplasmin deficiency, hypofibrinogenemia

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16
Q

Causes of decreased fibrinolysis

A

TPA deficiency, plasminogen deficiency, increased fibrinogen

17
Q

Fibrin degradation products

A

D-dimers and D to D connections only

18
Q

Fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products

A

From primary fibrinogenolysis, test for all degradation products

19
Q

What kind of bleeding problems occur in patients with primary hemostasis defects?

A

Superficial bleeding in mucous membranes such as guns, nasal cavity, and G.I. tract. They may also exhibit petichiae and bruising.

20
Q

What kind of bleeding in patients with defects in the secondary hemostasis have?

A

May have deep bleeding in muscles and joints

21
Q

What does fibrinogen doing in primary platelet aggregation?

A

Helps stick together and aggregate in the presence of calcium, this process is reversible until the secondary platelet aggregation occurs

22
Q

What is platelets released during the secondary platelet aggregation?

A

Nonmetabolic ADP, is irreversible. Thromboxane A2 and thrombin action activate the release of ADP

23
Q

What protein is responsible for clot retraction?

A

Actomyosin = thrombasthenin

24
Q

How many platelets do megakaryocytes produce?

A

2000 - 4000

25
Q

What agonist gives a biphasic pattern in platelet aggregation?

A

Epinephrine, ADP, thrombin

26
Q

What is the size of platelets?

A

8 to 10 fL

27
Q

What is platelet distribution width?

A

CV of platelet population

28
Q

What is the function of thrombomodulin?

A

Changes thrombin to anticoagulant, by activating protein C

29
Q

What is Warfarin’s affect on PT/PTT?

A

It prolongs both

30
Q

What is the prothrombin converting complex?

A

Xa/V/Ca2+/PF3

31
Q

Anti-thrombin regulates what?

A

Secondary hemostasis

32
Q

Epsilon aminocaproic acid is used for what?

A

As a plasmin inhibitor

33
Q

What protein receptors does clot retraction require?

A

To B2/3A from Glanzman thrombasthenia

34
Q

What is a characteristic involving platelets, that is a characteristic of polycythemia?

A

Thrombocytosis

Coagulation (4 decks)

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