Other

Question 1

What is a krukenberg tumor?

Answer 1

Secondary ovarian tumor that most commonly arises from metastatic spread of gastric carcinoma

Question 2

What is triple assessment for breast lumps?

Answer 2

Clinical assessment
Imaging
Biopsy

Question 3

What is the most important prognostic factor for breast cancer?

Answer 3

TMN stage (nodal involvement significant)

Question 4

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

Answer 4

Being female
Having a history of breast cancer
Having a family history of breast cancer (BRCA1,2)
Having less children and having breastfed less

Question 5

Types of breast cancer

Answer 5

Ductal carcinoma in situ (non-invasive)
Invasive ductal carcinoma (80-85%)
Invasive lobular carcinoma (can be bilateral in 20% of cases)
Paget disease of the breast (lactiferous ducts and the skin and nipple of the areola)

Question 6

How many women in Australia will receive a breast cancer diagnosis in their lifetime?

Answer 6

1 in 7

Question 7

How will breast cancer present on US?

Answer 7

Hypoechoic mass

Question 8

WELLS Criteria

Answer 8

Clinical signs and symptoms of DVT
Yes+3

PE is #1 diagnosis OR equally likely
Yes+3

Heart rate > 100
Yes+1.5

Immobilization at least 3 days OR surgery in the previous 4 weeks
Yes+1.5

Previous, objectively diagnosed PE or DVT
Yes+1.5

Hemoptysis
Yes+1

Malignancy w/ treatment within 6 months or palliative
Yes+1

Question 9

ADHD diagnostic criteria DSMV

Answer 9

Symptoms of inattention >6 if 4-16 or >5 in >17
- Poor attention to detail
- Struggles to maintain attention
- Avoids activities that require uninterrupted focus or concentration
- Easily distracted
- Does not listen when directly spoken to
- Inability to complete tasks or instructions
- Forgetful
- Loses items used for everyday tasks
- Struggles with organization of tasks and activities
Behaviour is not consistent with developmental level

Present for >6months in >2 settings
First noticed prior to 12yo

Associated with functional impairment

Question 10

What happens during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

Answer 10

Soft palate elevation
Protection of airway
Elevation of larynx/hyoid and closure of larynx
Contraction of pharyngeal musculature
Relaxation of UES

Question 11

What is the contents of gastric juice?

Answer 11

HCl, intrinsic factor from parietal cells
Soluble mucus - mucus neck cells
Pepsinogen - from chief cells
Gastrin - from enteroendocrine cells, G cells

Question 12

What is the effect of prostaglandins on stomach layer?

Answer 12

Stimulate mucus and bicarbonate
Vasodilate nearby blood vessels - more blood flow leads to epithelial cell growth and inhibits acid secretion

Question 13

What are the 5 phases of palliative care?

Answer 13

1. Stable
2. Unstable
3. Deteriorating
4. Terminal
5. Bereavement