Antibiotics

Question 1

Common Gram positive cocci and common associated conditions (8)

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus - Skin infections, MRSA
Staphylococcus Saphrophyticus - UTI
Staphylococcus epidermidis - Foreign body infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae - Pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis
Streptococcus Pyogenes (GAS) - Impetigo, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever, ARF
Streptococcus agalaciae (GBS) - neonatal meningitis, neonatal sepsis
Viridans streptococci - Dental caries
Enterococcus Faecalis - UTI, VRE

Question 2

Common gram negative bugs and associated conditions (14)

Answer 2

Haemophillus influenzae - CAP, otitis media, epiglottitis, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, meningitis
Bordetella pertussis - Pertussis (whooping cough)
Pasteurella multocida - Cat/dog bite cellulitis
Chlamydia Pneumoniae - Pneumonia
Chlamydia Trachomatis - STI
Legionella - Legionnaire disease
Escherica Coli - Gastroenteritis, cystitis
Neisseria Meningitidis - Meningitis
Neisseria Gonorrhoea - Gonorrhea, septic arthritis, PID, neonatal conjunctivitis
Moraxella catarrhalis - Sinusitis, otitis media
Klebsiella - UTI
Proteus - UTI, struvite stones
Pseudomonas aeruginosa- UTI, burn wound infections, keratitis, malignant otitis externa (in elderly with diabetes)
Salmonella - Salmonellosis, reactive arthritis
Campylobacter jejuni - Enterocolitis, precedes GBS, reactive arthritis
Helicobacter pylori - Gastritis, duodenal peptic ulcers, increases risk for gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma

Question 3

Anaerobe bugs (1)

Answer 3

Clostridium

Question 4

Penicillin drugs (5)

Answer 4

Amoxycillin
Amoxycillin + Clavulanic acid
Flucloxacillin
Benzyl Penicillin
Ampicillin

Question 5

Cephalosporin drugs (3)

Answer 5

Ceflexin (oral)
Cefazolin (IV, IM)
Ceftriaxone (IV, IM)

Question 6

Aminoglycoside drugs (1)

Answer 6

Gentamicin

Question 7

Macrolide drugs (3)

Answer 7

Azithromycin (oral or IV)
Clarithromycin (oral or IV)
Roxithromycin (oral)

Question 8

Tetracycline drugs (2)

Answer 8

Doxycycline (oral)
Tetracycline (oral or IV)

Question 9

Nitroimidazole drugs (2)

Answer 9

Metronidazole (oral or IV)
Tinidazole (oral or IV)

Question 10

Azithromycin indications

Answer 10

Atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia)
Pertussis
STIs caused by chlamydia Streptococcal infections in patients allergic to penicillin second line prophylaxis for n meningidits
Dual therapy with ceftriaxone for n gonorrhea

Question 11

Gentamicin indications

Answer 11

Severe gram negative rod infections

Question 12

Cefalexin indications

Answer 12

Highly active against +ve gram bacteria, also proteus, e coli, klebsiella

Question 13

Ceftriaxone indications

Answer 13

Extended spectrum gram -ve bacteria coverage, has good CNS penetrance (meningitis)
Gonnorhea
Disseminated lymedisease
Perioperative wound infection (s aureus) prophylaxis

Question 14

Amoxycillin indications

Answer 14

Gram +ve aerobes
Gram -ve rods (not enterobacter)
Most effective against; h pylori, h influenzae, e coli, listeria, proteus, salmonella, shigella, enterococci, spirochetes

Question 15

Amoxycillin + Clavulanic Acid

Question 16

Flucloxacillin indications

Answer 16

Gram +ve aerobes, especially staph aureus (non MRSA)

Question 17

Benzyl penicillin indications

Answer 17

Gram +ve aerobes
Gram -ve cocci (esp. neissera meningitis)
Spirochetes (esp. treponema pallidum)

Question 18

Fluroquinolone drugs (6)

Answer 18

Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin (all oral), levofloxacin (oral or IV) , moxifloxacin (oral) , gemifloxacin (oral)

Question 19

Carbapenem drugs (4)

Answer 19

Imipenem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem

Question 20

Glycopeptide drugs (1)

Answer 20

Vancomycin (oral or IV)

Question 21

Glycopeptide indications (4)

Answer 21

Especially resistant against multi-drug resistance organisms
Gram positive bacteria only
MRSA
Enterococci
C. diffile (causing pseudomembranous colitis)

Question 22

Common gram positive bacilli (6)

Answer 22

Clostridioides difficile - Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium tetani - Tetanus
Clostridium botulinum - Botulism
Clostridium septicum - Colon cancer
Listeria monocytogenes - Listeriosius
Corynebacterium diptheriae - Diptheria