Other

Question 1

What is the role of the immune system?

Answer 1

Protect against disease or other potentially damaging foreign bodies eg. pathogenic organisms

Question 2

What is active naturally acquired immunity?

Answer 2

Antigens entering the body and our immune systems naturally respond. Long term protection.

Question 3

What is passive naturally acquired immunity?

Answer 3

Antibodies passed from mother to child through placenta or in breast milk. Immediate short term protection.

Question 4

What is active artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 4

Antibodies enter our body through vaccination with response of our immune system. Long term protection.

Question 5

What is passive artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 5

Taking antibodies from immune individuals and passing them onto others by injection. Immediate short term protection, usually in immunocompromised individuals.

Question 6

What are innate mechanisms?

Answer 6

Non specific, first line of defence.

Question 7

What are adaptive mechanisms?

Answer 7

Highly specific, second line of defence.

Question 8

What cells are in the myeloid lineage?

Answer 8

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Mast cells

Question 9

What are neutrophils?

Answer 9

The principal phagocytic cell of innate immunity. Pacman

Enter infected tissues in large numbers

Question 10

What are eosinophils?

Answer 10

Defends against parasites

Question 11

What are basophils? What are they also known as?

Answer 11

Similar to eosinophils and mast cells. PNMs and granulocytes

Question 12

What are monocytes?

Answer 12

Leukocytes with bean shaped convoluted nuclei which circulate in blood with half life of 8 hours.
Precursors of tissue macrophages

Question 13

What are macrophages?

Answer 13

Mononuclear phagocytic cells residing in tissue that derive from blood monocytes.
They participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. and recruit neutrophils

Question 14

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 14

Star shaped cells that capture and present antigens to T lymphocytes
(Antigen presenting cells)

Question 15

What are mast cells?

Answer 15

Located in mucous membrane and connective tissue throughout body.
They are a major effector cell in allergies and have a role in the modulation of initial innate immune response

Question 16

What cells are in the lymphoid lineage?

Answer 16

Large lymphocytes
Small lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells)

Question 17

What are large lymphocytes?

Answer 17

Natural killer cells involved in innate immunity to viruses and other intracellular pathogens. They participate in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 18

What are small lymphocytes?

Answer 18

B cells and

T cells involved in adaptive immunity

Question 19

What happens at primary lymphoid tissues and organs?

Answer 19

Development and maturation of lymphocytes

Question 20

Where do B-cells develop and mature?

Answer 20

Bone marrow - a primary lymphoid tissue

Question 21

Where do T-cells develop and mature?

Answer 21

Thymus gland - primary lymphoid organ

Question 22

What happens at secondary lymphoid tissues and organs?

Answer 22

Mature lymphocytes meet pathogens

Question 23

What are examples of secondary lymphoid tissues and organs?

Answer 23

Spleen
adenoids
tonsils, appendix
lymph nodes
Peyer’s patches
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 24

What is the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Answer 24

Remove damaged or old erythrocytes

Activation of lymphocytes from blood borne pathogens

Question 25

What initiates the innate immune response?

Answer 25

Phagocytes, NK cells and soluble protiens.