Other Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the immune system?

A

Protect against disease or other potentially damaging foreign bodies eg. pathogenic organisms

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2
Q

What is active naturally acquired immunity?

A

Antigens entering the body and our immune systems naturally respond. Long term protection.

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3
Q

What is passive naturally acquired immunity?

A

Antibodies passed from mother to child through placenta or in breast milk. Immediate short term protection.

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4
Q

What is active artificially acquired immunity?

A

Antibodies enter our body through vaccination with response of our immune system. Long term protection.

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5
Q

What is passive artificially acquired immunity?

A

Taking antibodies from immune individuals and passing them onto others by injection. Immediate short term protection, usually in immunocompromised individuals.

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6
Q

What are innate mechanisms?

A

Non specific, first line of defence.

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7
Q

What are adaptive mechanisms?

A

Highly specific, second line of defence.

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8
Q

What cells are in the myeloid lineage?

A
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Mast cells
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9
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

The principal phagocytic cell of innate immunity. Pacman

Enter infected tissues in large numbers

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10
Q

What are eosinophils?

A

Defends against parasites

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11
Q

What are basophils? What are they also known as?

A

Similar to eosinophils and mast cells. PNMs and granulocytes

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12
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Leukocytes with bean shaped convoluted nuclei which circulate in blood with half life of 8 hours.
Precursors of tissue macrophages

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13
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Mononuclear phagocytic cells residing in tissue that derive from blood monocytes.
They participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. and recruit neutrophils

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14
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Star shaped cells that capture and present antigens to T lymphocytes
(Antigen presenting cells)

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15
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Located in mucous membrane and connective tissue throughout body.
They are a major effector cell in allergies and have a role in the modulation of initial innate immune response

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16
Q

What cells are in the lymphoid lineage?

A
Large lymphocytes
Small lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells)
17
Q

What are large lymphocytes?

A

Natural killer cells involved in innate immunity to viruses and other intracellular pathogens. They participate in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

18
Q

What are small lymphocytes?

A

B cells and

T cells involved in adaptive immunity

19
Q

What happens at primary lymphoid tissues and organs?

A

Development and maturation of lymphocytes

20
Q

Where do B-cells develop and mature?

A

Bone marrow - a primary lymphoid tissue

21
Q

Where do T-cells develop and mature?

A

Thymus gland - primary lymphoid organ

22
Q

What happens at secondary lymphoid tissues and organs?

A

Mature lymphocytes meet pathogens

23
Q

What are examples of secondary lymphoid tissues and organs?

A
Spleen
adenoids
tonsils, appendix
lymph nodes
Peyer’s patches
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
24
Q

What is the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

A

Remove damaged or old erythrocytes

Activation of lymphocytes from blood borne pathogens

25
Q

What initiates the innate immune response?

A

Phagocytes, NK cells and soluble protiens.