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PBL 2 Pharm > Other 1-Liners > Flashcards

Other 1-Liners Flashcards

1
Q

Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor

A

Buspirone

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2
Q

Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression

A

Carboplatin

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3
Q

Agents having higher sedation and antimuscarinic effects than other TCA’s

A

Tertiary amines

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4
Q

Alkylating agent that produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol

A

Procarbazine

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5
Q

Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

A

Mechlorethamine

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6
Q

All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression, agents are chosen based on these criterion

A

Side-effect profile and prior pt response

Yes, I know - there are only two…

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7
Q

Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic

A

Streptomycin

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8
Q

Amphetamine agents

A

Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine

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9
Q

Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

A

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

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10
Q

Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

A

Flutamide (Eulexin)

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11
Q

Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome

A

Nevirapine, amprenavir

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12
Q

Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis

A

Didanosine

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13
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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14
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis

A

Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin

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15
Q

Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention

A

Vancomycin, can be prevented by infusion
at a slow rate and antihistamines

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16
Q

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide

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17
Q

Antidepressant also used for sleep that causes priapism

A

Trazodone

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18
Q

Antidepressant associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Amoxapine

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19
Q

Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity

A

Maprotiline

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20
Q

Antidepressant having stimulant effects similar to SSRI’s and can increase blood pressure

A

Venlafaxine

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21
Q

Antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake

A

Venlafaxine

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22
Q

Antidepressant which is inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes and may be associated with hepatic failure

A

Nefazodone

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23
Q

Antidepressant with MOA as alpha 2 antagonist, has effects on both 5-HT and NE, blocks histamine receptors, and is sedating

A

Mirtazapine

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24
Q

Antivirals associated with neutropenia

A

Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon

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25
Q

Antivirals that are teratogens

A

Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin

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26
Q

Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates

A

Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime

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27
Q

Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB

A

Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation

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28
Q

Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins

A

Cephalosporins

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29
Q

Common toxicities of cisplatin

A

Nephro and ototoxicity

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30
Q

Condition will result from in combination of MAOI with tyramine containing foods (ex. wine, cheese, and pickled meats)

A

Hypertensive crisis

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31
Q

Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number

A

Log-kill hypothesis

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32
Q

Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)

A

L-asparaginase

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33
Q

DOC for CMV retinitis

A

Ganciclovir

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34
Q

Drug causes teeth discoloration

A

Tetracycline

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35
Q

Drug increases the renal clearance hence decreases levels of lithium

A

Theophylline

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36
Q

Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis

A

Clindamycin

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37
Q

Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety

A

Buspirone

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38
Q

Drug of choice for Legionnaires’ disease

A

Azithromycin (or macrolides)

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39
Q

Drug of choice for leprosy

A

Dapsone

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40
Q

Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

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41
Q

Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates

A

Allopurinol

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42
Q

Drug used for African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin

43
Q

Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms

A

Prednisone

44
Q

Drug used in Chagas disease

A

Nifurtimox

45
Q

Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria

A

Primaquine

46
Q

Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Clomipramine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine

47
Q

Except for these agents all SSRI have significant inhibition of CytP450 enzymes

A

Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram

48
Q

HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth

A

AZT (zidovudine)

49
Q

Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients

A

Aztreonam

50
Q

Lithium is associated with this congenital defect

A

Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation

51
Q

Major route of elimination for Lithium

A

Kidneys

52
Q

MAOI should not be administered with SSRI’s or potent TCA’s due to development of this condition

A

Serotonin syndrome

53
Q

Mechanism of action of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of 23S rRNA of 50S ribosome subunit

54
Q

Mechanism of action of tetracycline

A

Decreases protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome and prevent binding of tRNA to A site

55
Q

Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol

A

Disulfiram-like reaction

56
Q

Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and “pins and needles” sensation

A

Vincristine

57
Q

MOA of cisplatin

A

Alkylating agent

58
Q

MOA of nystatin

A

Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane

59
Q

MOA of penicillin

A

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase and block peptidoglycan cross-linkage

60
Q

MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin’s disease (HD)

A

Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone

61
Q

Most useful in patients with significant anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis, and resistant depression

A

Monamine oxidase inhibitors

62
Q

Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by

A

Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)

63
Q

Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants

A

Norepinephrine and serotonin

64
Q

Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors

A

Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)

65
Q

Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne

A

Minocycline

66
Q

PCN active against pseudomonas

A

Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin

67
Q

Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria

A

Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin

68
Q

Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants

A

Elderly patients

69
Q

Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)

70
Q

Pyrimidine analog that causes “Thiamine-less death” given with leucovorin rescue

A

5-flouracil (5-FU)

71
Q

Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy

A

Cartilage damage

72
Q

Regimen used for breast cancer

A

CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+

73
Q

Regimen used for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

CHOP (cyclophosphamide, oncovin(vincristine), doxorubicin and prednisone), rituximab (rituxan)

74
Q

SE for ganciclovir

A

Myelosuppression

75
Q

SE of imipenem

A

Seizures

76
Q

SE of INH

A

Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

77
Q

SE of mirtazapine

A

Liver toxicity, increased serum cholesterol

78
Q

SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole

A

Gynecomastia

79
Q

Secondary amines that have less sedation and more excitation effect

A

Nortriptyline, Desipramine

80
Q

Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs, they lower seizure threshold, uses include BAD, acute panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly

A

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

81
Q

Side effect of Mitomycin

A

SEVERE myelosuppression

82
Q

Some cell cycle non-specific drugs

A

Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea

83
Q

Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs

A

Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)

84
Q

Some of SSRIs’ therapeutic effects beside depression

A

Panic attacks, social phobias, bulimia nervosa, and PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder), OCD

85
Q

SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

Fluoxetine (Sarafem)

86
Q

SSRI with long T1/2 and can be administered once weekly for maintenance, not acute tx

A

Fluoxetine

87
Q

SSRI’s less likely to cause a withdrawal syndrome

A

Fluoxetine

88
Q

TCA used in chronic pain, a hypnotic, and has marked antimuscarinic effects

A

Amitriptyline

89
Q

TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), most significant of TCA’s for risk of seizure, weight gain, and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms

A

Clomipramine

90
Q

TCA with greatest sedation of this group, and marked antimuscarinic effects, used for sleep

A

Doxepin

91
Q

Three C’s associated with TCA toxicity

A

Coma, Convulsions, Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)

92
Q

Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs

A

Amphetamines

93
Q

Topical DOC in impetigo

A

Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)

94
Q

Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents

A

Rescue therapy

95
Q

Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides

A

Cisplatin

96
Q

Toxicity of amphotericin

A

Nephrotoxicity

97
Q

Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis

A

ORAL vancomycin

98
Q

Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously

A

Pulse therapy

99
Q

Two toxicities of aminoglycosides

A

nephro and ototoxicity

100
Q

Type of resistance found with vancomycin

A

Point mutation

101
Q

Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells

A

Interferon alpha

102
Q

Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy

A

2 to 3 weeks

103
Q

Well-tolerated and are first-line antidepressants

A

SSRI’s, bupropion, and venlafaxine

PBL 2 Pharm (2 decks)

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