OTD Chapter 14 Managing Conflict, Power, and Politics Flashcards
Organizational Life Cycle (meaning)
A sequence of growth and development stages through which an organization might pass.
Stages of the Organizational Life Cycle
- Organizational Birth
- Organizational Growth
- Organizational Decline
- Organizational Death
Organizational Birth (stage, meaning)
- The founding of an organization (by entrepreneurs).
- The greatest chance of failure, due to liability of newness.
Population Ecology Theory
A theory that seeks to explain the factors that affect the rate wat which new organisations are born (and die) in a population of existing organizations.
Population of Organizations
The organizations that are competing for the same set of resources in the environment.
Population density
The number of organizations that can compete for the same resources in a particular environment.
R-Strategy
Entering a new environment early.
K-Strategy
Entering a new environment late, after other organizations have already tested the water.
Specialist Strategy
Organizations that concentrate their skills to pursue a narrow range of resources in a single niche.
Generalist Strategy
Organizations that spread their skills thinly to compete for a brand range of resources in many niches.
R-specialist
One niche, early entry.
R-generalist
Multiple niches, early entry.
K-specialist
Late entry, one niche.
K-generalist
Late entry, multiple niches.
Natural selection
The process that ensures the survival of the organizations hat have the skills and abilities that best fit with the environment.
Organizational Growth (stage 2, meaning)
The life cycle stage in which organizations develop value creation skills and competences that allow them to acquire additional resources.
Organizational Isomorphism
The similarity among organizations in a population.
Three processes that explain why organizations become more alike
- Coercive isomorphism
- Mimetic isomorphism
- Normative isomorphism
Coercive isomorphism
Pressured by other organizations or by society in general.
E.g., Nike, Walmart, and Apple being pressured by the general public to boycot goods made by children in developing countries. The companies responded by creating uniform codes of supplier conduct.
Mimetic isomorphism
Organizations intentionally imitate and copy one another to increase their legitimacy.
E.g., Fast-food chains mimicking how McDonalds standardised its global fast food network.
Normative isomorphism
Organizations that come to resemble one another over time because they indirectly adopt the norms and values of other organizations in the environment.
Employees and managers frequently move from one organization to another and bring with them the norms and values of their past employer. Most companies in an industry recruit managers from other companies in the same industry. E.g., Dell recruiting managers from PC.
Greiner’s Model of Organizational Growth
Phases that organizations go through as they grow. Each growth phase consist of a period of relatively stable growth, followed by a crisis indicating that organizational change is needed for the company to carry on growth.
Geiner’s Model of Organizational Growth (stages)
Stage 1: Growth through Creativity Stage 2: Growth through Direction Stage 3: Growth through Delegation Stage 4: Growth through Coordination Stage 5: Growth through Collaboration
Organizational Decline (Stage 3, meaning)
The life cycle stage that an organization enters when it fails to anticipate, recognise, avoid, neutralize, or adapt to external and internal pressures that threaten its long-term survival.