OTC medication practice points Flashcards
Oral rehydration salt (adults, children 12+)
Solution
200mL every 30 min
Max. 4L/day
Effervescent
2 tabs in 200mL water every hour for 1st SIX HOURS
(12-20 tabs in 1st 6 hours)
Max. 40 tabs/day
Oral rehydration salt (children) - mild-moderate dehydration
1-3 yrs
100mL every 90 min
Max 1.4L/day
3-6 yrs
100mL every 60 min
Max 2L/day
6-12
100mL every 30 min
Max 2.6L/day
Loperamide (adults/children 12+)
- Initial dose 4mg (2 tabs)
- 2mg (1 tab) after each loose bowel movement
- Stop dosing when loose stools no longer occur for 12 hours
Max 16mg/day (8 tabs)
NOT FOR CHILDREN <12
Capsule, tab or ODT
Loperamide (PBF)
Pregnancy
- 1-2 doses AFTER 1st TRIMESTER
BF
- short term use only
- monitor infant for drowsiness
Intranasal dosage forms
Shake well before use
Prime before use
Clear nose before use
INCs (adult, children 12+)
2 sprays into each nostril ONCE DAILY
Can decrease to 1 spray if symptoms controlled (excl. ciclesonide)
Budesonide - 32mcg (4 sprays d)
Xtra strength - 64mcg (2 sprays d)
Max. 256mcg/day
PBF: budesonide (rhinocort)
INCs (children)
Mometasone (2-12)
1 spray (50mcg) into each nostril ONCE DAILY
Budesonide (6-18)
128mcg into each nostril ONCE daily
Ciclesonide (6-18)
2 sprays (100mcg) into each nostril ONCE daily
Intranasal antihistamines (adults)
Levocabastine 2 sprays each nostril TWICE daily
Max. 4x/day
Max. 8 weeks
Azelastine 1 spray into each nostril TWICE daily
Also: comb’d w/ fluticasone (same)
PBF: Levocabastine
Intranasal antihistamines (children)
Levocabastine (6+)
2 sprays each nostril bd
Azelastine (5+)
1 spray each nostril bd
Oral less sedating antihistamines
All: 1 tablet a day prn until symptoms are controlled
Fexofenadine
120mg - 1 to 2 (patient dependent)
180mg - 1 tab 1 daily
PBF: Loratadine
Fexofenadine, Desloratadine (T2,3 ONLY)
Oral less sedating antihistamines (children)
Loratadine
Chewable tablets –> 5mg tab
2-9y = 1 tab D
9+ = 2 tab D
Syrup –> 1mg/mL
1-2y = 2.5mL D
2-12y <30kg (incl) = 5mL D
2-12 y 30kg+ = 10mL D
Fexofenadine
Suspension
2-11y = 5mL (30mg) bd prn
prn until symptoms gone/controlled
Oral sedating antihistamines (adults)
Dexchlorpheniramine
1 tab (2mg) q6h prn
OR
5mL (2mg) q6h prn
Promethazine
10mg tab OR 25mg tab
25-75mg nocte
OR
10-20mg 2-3x daily
PBF: Dexchlorpheniramine
Promethazine safe, AVOID USE CLOSE TO TERM
monitor infant sedation
Oral sedating antihistamines (children)
Dexchlorpheniramine
Syrup 2mg/5mL (q6h, prn)
2-4y = 1.25-1.75 mL
4-6y = 1.75-2 mL
6-12y = 2-4 mL (0.8-1.6mg)
Promethazine
Elixir (5mg/mL)
2-5y = 5-15mL nocte OR 5mL 2-3x/day
6-12y = 10-25mL nocte OR 10mL 2-3 days
nocte: 0.5mg/kg MAX 25mg
2-3x/day: 01.25mg/kg MAX 12.5mg
STICK TO LOWEST DOSE POSSIBLE
Intranasal decongestants (6+)
Oxymetazoline (0.05%)
- 2 sprays into each nostril twice daily
Max. bd
Xylometazoline
- 2 sprays into each nostril twice daily (can incr. to 4x/day)
3 days only
Oral decongestant (adult, children 12+ excl.)
Phenylephrine (10mg)
- 1 tab q4h prn
Max. 6 tabs/day
Pseudoephedrine (60mg)
- 1 tab q6h prn
Max. 4 tabs/day (240mg/day)
DO NOT REC IN CHILDREN
Saline solution (all)
Prime pump + clear nose
Keep head upright
Fully depress pump and inhale
2 sprays each nostril q2-3h prn
BABY (use 5-10min before feeding)
<1y = 1 spray/nostril of Baby Saline Spray prn
>1y = 1-2 spray/nostril of Baby Saline Spray prn
Let doctor know
Pyrantel (adult, children 1+ incl) PBF
10mg/kg = 1 square/10kg
10-25kg (1-5y) = 1-2 sq
26-45kg (6-10y) = 3-4 sq
46-56kg (11-13y) = 5 sq
57-70kg (14-18y) = 6 sq
Adults (> 70kg) = y sq
Retreat after 2 weeks if reinfestation occurs
Mebendazole (adults, 2+) NON PBF
Tablets/Choc chews (100mg)
1 tab
Suspension
5mL
Repeat after 2 weeks
Tinea cream
Terbinafine (feet) (1%)
Clean + dry affected area
Apply to affected area DAILY
Incl. surrounding skin
Use for 1 week
Max 2-4 wk for soles of feet
Miconazole (2%) or Clotrimazole (1%)
Apply thin layer TWICE daily
Use until symptoms disappear + 2 weeks post-symptoms
Tinea spray
General:
Shake well before use
Hold 15cm from affected area
Terbinafine (1%)
Once daily for 1 week
Max 2 wk, monitor effectiveness
Miconazole (2%)
Apply thin layer TWICE daily
~ 4 weeks, monitor effectiveness
Tinea powder
Miconazole (2%)
Apply to lesion + inside clothes where the affected area is
TWICE daily
Continue treatment uninterrupted until lesion is completely healed (~4 weeks)
- Monitor effectiveness
Tinea tincture (nail)
Miconazole (2%)
- Clean and cut nail short as possible
- Apply thin layer to affected nail + surrounding area TWICE daily
- Clean product build up using polish remover (acetone based) BEFORE REAPPLICATION
Continue uninterrupted treatment (more than 2 mo) until new nail grown/lesion completely cured
DON’T PUT OVER BROKEN SKIN/LESIONS
Tinea liquid
Terbinafine (1%)
Apply once to feet
- Clean and dry both feet thoroughly
- Treat both feet (even if no symptoms)
- Let dry to a film 1-2 min
- Wash off 24 hours later
Wash hands
Do not massage into skin
See dr if no improvement after 1 week
Severe skin inflammation (w/ hydrocortisone)
Clotrimazole 1% + hydrocortisone 1% (Hydrozole)
Use TWICE daily for 1 week
Continue with Clotrimazole 1% cream for 2 weeks after infection + inflammation clears
Apply to thinly clean/dry skin
Wash hands after use (exc. tinea manuum)
