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Pre-registration flashcards > OTC flashcards > Flashcards

OTC flashcards

1
Q

Chloroquine

A 
Avoclor
Any age
2 tablets weekly
1 week before
4 weeks after
Side effects: GI, visual, seizures, psoriasis
AVOID in: epilepsy, cyclosporin, digoxin, amiodarone, citalopram, mefloquine
Fine in pregnancy

Give with proguanil

14 tablets for 2 weeks holiday

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2
Q

Proguanil

A 
Paludrine
Any age 
1 week before 
4 weeks after 
Side effect: diarrhoea
Safe in pregnancy

Give with chloroquine

98 tablets for 2 weeks

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3
Q

Traveller’s diarrhoea

A

Caused by e.coli
Follow strict hygiene measures
NO LOPERAMIDE

GSL:
Dioralyte, all ages
Dioralyte relief: over 3 months

Prepare with 200ml of water, once reconstituted store in fridge. Use within 24 hours

Boil before use

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4
Q

Travel sickness

A

Antihistamines and anticholinergics are equally effective

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5
Q

Antihistamines for travel sickness

A

Cyclizine- POM
Cinnarizine- OTC, 5 and over

Promethazine- most sedative, phenergan, not for under 6s OTC

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6
Q

Anticholinergic for travel sickness

A 
Hyoscine hydrobromide (Kwells)- not for under 10s 
Kwells kids- not for under 4
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7
Q

Hayfever

A

Allergic rhinitis
Loratadine first line
Nasal saline for runny nose
Don’t routinely recommend sedating antihistamines
If loratadine fails, sodium cromoglicate eye drops and nasal corticosteroid

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8
Q

Systemic antihistamines

A 
Cetirizine- 6+
Loratidine- 2+- least sedative
Acrivastine (benedryl)- 12+
Chloramphenamine tablets 6+
Piriton liquid 1+
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9
Q

Chloramphenamine

A

Inhibits phenytoin metabolism
MAOI enhances effect
Not for use in pregnancy

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10
Q

Ocular antihistamines

A

Antolazine 5+

AVOID in MAOIs and glaucoma

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11
Q

Nasal antihistamines

A

5+

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12
Q

Nasal corticosteroids

A 
Beconase
Flixonase 
18+
Side effects: bitter taste, nasal irritation
Avoid in pregnancy
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13
Q

Ocular and nasal mast cell stabilisers

A

sodium cromoglicate eye drops 6+

Fine in pregnancy

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14
Q

Insect bites and stings treatment

A

Local irritation: hydrocortisone 10+
Antihistamine
Analgesia

AVOID: calamine lotion
vinegar

Topical antihistamines- causes sensitisation

Systemic infection: refer

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15
Q

UVA

A

skin ageing and wrinkling
tanning ray
no damage to the epidermis

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16
Q

UVB

A

sunburn and redness
more damage to epidermal layers
skin cancer cause

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17
Q

Signs to look out for moles

A

asymmetry
border- jagged edges
colour- varying shade
diameter- 7mm or more

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18
Q

Suncreams

A

UVB only

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19
Q

Moles referral criteria

A

facial lesions over 40
itchy, irritated or bleeding
a mole that’s changed

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20
Q

Prickly heat

A 
Milaria rubia
Itchy rash, smalled raised spots
Usually few days after sun exposure
Develops when someone sweats more than normal
sweat glands become blocked
Use calamine lotion
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21
Q

Cystitis referral symptoms

A 
soreness in child under 16
recurrent
burning in men
dark, cloudy urine
more than 7 days
generally unwell
flank pain
haematuria
immunocompromised
women over 70
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22
Q

recurring cystitis

A

three episodes in a year

2 in 6 months

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23
Q

Risk factors of cystitis

A

young women
diabetes
tampon use
pregnancy

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24
Q

Treatment of cystitis

A

potassium citrate- alkalise urine
sodium bicarb and citrate- cautioned in HTN
cranberry juice prophylaxis

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25
Q

Referral warts and verrucas

A 
anogenital
multiple or widespread
diabetes
lesions on face
over 50 first time
bleed or itch without provoking
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26
Q

Referral corns and calluses

A

impaired peripheral circulation
pain or difficulty walking
diabetes
treatment failure

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27
Q

Treatment for warts

A

salicyclic acid-2+
use vaseline around healthy skin
every day for 12 weeks or longer

28
Q

Referral for chillblains

A 
severe/recurring
dont improve
fever
swollen glands
swelling and pus forming
29
Q

Compression stocking

A 
Class 1: pregnancy and early vaccine
class 2: medium varicose and prevention of ulceration
class 3: severe varicose and treating ulcers
30
Q

Headlice

A

only treat affected
2 applications 7 days apart
permethrin, malathion and dimeticone- 6 months+
Apply to dry hair

31
Q

Treatment for crabs

A

malathion and permethrin

apply twice with 7 days apart

32
Q

Jock itch

A

miconazole and clotrimazole

33
Q

Referral threadworms

A

recent travel abroad
under 12 cannot be treated OTC
broken skin
pregnant

34
Q

Threadworms

A

mebendazole 2+
side effects: abdo pain, rash
avoid with phenytoin, carbamazepine and cimetidine
avoid in pregnancy

piperazine- > 3months

35
Q

Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

A

same time each year

usually both eyes

36
Q

perennial allergic conjunctivitis

A

daily symptoms of conjunctivitis throughout the year in both eyes, often on waking.

37
Q

Contact dermatoconjunctivitis:

A

conjunctivitis with allergic dermatitis of the eyelids. Occurs in response to the use of eye drops.

38
Q

Giant papillary conjunctivitis:

A

occurs in people using soft contact lenses- may occur with hard contact lenses and following eye surgery.

39
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

drops 0.5%–> fridge
ointment 1%–> fridge
avoid unless essential
risk of neonatal baby syndrome

40
Q

blepharitis referral criteria

A

inward/outward turning of eyelid
systemic
painless nodular lesion

41
Q

Medications causing dry eyes

A 
diuretics
HRT
Isotretinoin
TCAs
Beta blockers
42
Q

Treatment for dry eyes

A

hypromellose 1%, 0.3%, 0.5%- hourly or half-hourly dosing
Polyvinyl alcohol
Carbomer- TDS prn
Lubricants- bedtime as blur vision

43
Q

Alopecia referral

A

fungal infection of scalp
patients under 18
sudden onset
suspected iron deficiency

44
Q

Alopecia treatment

A

Minoxidil
18-65
avoid in pregnancy and hypertension

45
Q

Causes of dry mouth

A

sjogrens syndrome
radiotherapy
diabetes
diuretics

46
Q

Medicines inducing dyspepsia

A 
Antibiotics
ACE inhibitors
bisphosphonates
iron
metformin
metronidazole
nitrates
potassium supplements
steroids
theophylline
NSAIDs
47
Q

Antacids

A

constipation with calcium
diarrhoea with magnesium
do not take for longer than 2 weeks
not for use under 12s

48
Q

Alginates

A

can be used in pregnancy

First line in GORD

49
Q

H2 antagonists

A

> 16 years

side effects diarrhoea, constipation, headache and rash

50
Q

PPI

A

e.g omeprazole
18+
side effects headache, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting and flatulence
Interactions: warfarin, digoxin, clopidogrel, phenytoin, antifungals

51
Q

Dysphagia referral symptoms

A 
Anaemia
Loss of weight
Persistent vomiting
Pts over 55 years with unexplained recent onset
Pain in arm
52
Q

Cardiac or heartburn

A

Heartburn doesnt radiate to shoulders, neck or arm
Usually comes after meals
Usually respond to antacids
Rarely accompanied by cold, sweat, lightheadedness or dizziness

53
Q

Drugs that cause constipation

A 
Aluminium
Antidepressants
Antiepileptics
Antipsychotics
Calcium supplements
Opioids
diuretics
iron
54
Q

IBS referral

A 
Blood in stool
children under 16
Fever
nausea and vomiting
over 45 with recent bowel habit change
severe abdo pain
steatorrhoea
55
Q

Treatment for IBS

A

Hyoscine 12+, avoid in pregnancy, caution in glaucoma
Mebeverine 10+, safe in pregnancy

Peppermint oil- colpermin 15+, mintec 18+, alverine 12+
Avoid colpermin and mintec in breastfeeding

56
Q

Risk factors for haemorrhoids

A

being overweight
being over age 45
pregnant
fh

57
Q

Treatment of haemorrhoids

A

Anusol/anusol HC- no longer than 7 days

58
Q

Ear wax symptoms

A 
Ear pain
decreased hearing
dizziness
ringing in ear
itching or drainage in ear
59
Q

Immediate referral ear wax

A

Dizziness and tinnitus
Fever in children
Foreign body in ear canal
Pain in middle ear

60
Q

Referral for ear wax

A

discharge of liquid or pus
no improvement after 4 days
pain on palpitation of mastoid bone
fever

61
Q

Treatment for otitis externa

A

choline salicylate 1+

acetic acid 12+

62
Q

Early signs of lymes

A

Bulls eye rash
edges of rash may feel slightly raised
rash usually about 15cm diameter

63
Q

Late signs of lymes

A

pain around joints
numbness and paralysis
heart problems e.g. myocarditis
meningitis

64
Q

3 days
3 weeks
3 months

A

URTI
Acute/chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis, TB, carcinoma

65
Q

Chronic productive cough

A

more than 8 weeks

66
Q

Colours of sputum

A

Yellow, Brown, Green = Infection present
Thin, frothy, pink tingled = Left ventricular failure
Rust coloured = Pneumonia
Dark red = Carcinoma (occasional red sputum = force of coughing – not serious)
Thick, mucoid to yellow = Asthma
Offensive foul-smelling = Bronchiectasis or lung abscess

Pre-registration flashcards (6 decks)

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