OTC drugs

Question 1

What is off label use

Answer 1

To use a drug that it was not originally studied for

I.E Neurontin- originally for seizure, but now also for hot flashes and restless leg syndrome

Question 2

Brand Vs Generic

Answer 2

When drug comes out, Brand has patent for 5-7 years
Then generic must have the SAME active ingredients, to make it bioequivalent
Same dose, strength and route of admin

Question 3

Analgesic

Answer 3

(!!KNOW  BASIC MOA!!)
Acetaminophen 
NSAID:
   Aspirin
   Ibuprofen
   Ketoprofen
   Naproxen

Question 4

Side effects of NSAID

Answer 4

GI disturbance

Question 5

Anti Histamines list them

Answer 5

1st gens: 
Diphenhydramine(off label used as sleep pill) 
Chlorpheniramine
Clemastine
2nd gen:
Loratidine: Claritin; 
Fexofenadine: Allegr
Cetirizine: Zyrtec

Question 6

1st gen vs 2nd gen antihistamines

Answer 6

2nd generation H1 blockers relieve rhinitis and hay fever symptoms
with equal efficacy as H1 blockers but do not cause as much sedation
and do not possess anti-emetic activity.

Do not take 1 gen with tricyclic antidepressants or MAO inhibitors

Question 7

Antitussives

Answer 7

Cough SUPPRESSANT
Centrally acting
Codeine- addictive and abuse potential
Dextromethorphan

DO NOT TAKE WITH COPD

Question 8

Expectorants

Answer 8

Guaifenesin: Increase the production and decrease the viscosity of phlegm

Question 9

Oral decongestants

Answer 9

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine

Alpha 1 AGONIST, vasoconstriction decrease nasal mucosa

Question 10

Topical decongestants

Answer 10

OxyMETAZOLINE (Afrin):
XyloMETAZOLINE (Otrivin)

Do not use more than 3-5 days becasue of rebound congestion

Question 11

Corticosteroid sprays

Answer 11

Fluticasone (Flonase), Budesonide (Rhinocort),

Triamcinolone (Nasacort)

Question 12

Antacids

Answer 12

Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of magnesia)
Aluminium hydroxide (Amphojel)
Combination of Mg hydroxide + Al hydroxide (Maalox and Mylanta)
• Calcium carbonate (Tums)

Alkaline neutralizes the stomach

Used for GERD, ulcers ect..

May cause constipation or diarrhea. Maalox and Mylanta less
likely to have adverse effects

Question 13

Anti- diarrheal agents

Answer 13

Bismuth subsalicylate
Kaolin-Pectin (remind me of Key and Peele
Loperamide

Bismuth has direct antimicrobial activity and binds
enterotoxins.
Kaolin-Pectin is an absorbent of bacteria, toxins and fluid.
Loperamide is an opioid agonist to increase colonic transit time and fecal water reabsorption.

Bismuth salts can cause darkening of stool.
Kaolin-Pectin and
Loperamide may cause constipation.

Loperamide is an agent that can be abused by opioid addicts for a euphoria or for withdrawal. BUT YOU NEED A LOT

Overuse of Loperamide can cause cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory
depression.

Question 14

H2 receptor inhibitors

Answer 14

Reduce the effect of the histamine that induces gastric acid production.
Relief of heartburn, indigestion and sour stomach
Adverse effects: Relatively mild. Diarrhea, constipation, headaches

Question 15

Proton pump inhibitor

Answer 15

Reduce acid generation in the stomach

Question 16

Hair growth

Answer 16

Minoxidil

DO NOT APPLY ANYWHERE ELSE BESIDE HEAD

Question 17

Emergency contraceptive

Answer 17

Levonorgestrel (PLAN B)
no later than 72h after unprotected sex
Prevents ovulation

Question 18

Laxatives

Answer 18

Psyllium Methylcellulose Polycarbophil
For constipation
Absorb water and expand in stool, promotes peristalsis
cramping and fluid disturbances

Question 19

Stool softeners

Answer 19

Docustate Sodium (is a detergent)

Question 20

Smoking cessation

Answer 20

Patches and gums and shit

Withdrawl

Question 21

Anti-fungal Vaginal preparation

Answer 21

end in ‘AZOLE’
Butaconazole, Cotrimazole, Miconazole, Tioconazole
Topical
Adverse effect: burning, itching( happens 100% if the times due to the fungus dieing)
Do not use while breastfeeding may enter the milk