Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacy Pre-Registration > OTC > Flashcards

OTC Flashcards

1
Q

Cold & Flu Referral

A

Asthma, Cough a lot, Earache, Chest Pain, Old people, Delirium, Illness, Fever, Young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cold & Flu Referral

A

Asthma, Cough a lot, Earache, Chest Pain, Old people, Delirium, Illness, Fever, Young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flu Symptoms

A

> 38degrees
Either cough/sore throat/nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea
AND either headach/malaise/myalgia/sweat/chills/prostration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of Cold Under 6

A

Non of the following: decongestant, antihistamine, expectorant, cough suppressant
Nasal drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of Cold Over 6

A
  1. Decongestants
  2. Antihistamines
  3. Zinc (lozenges)
  4. Echinacea
  5. Vitamin C
  6. Cough remedies
  7. Analgesics
  8. Inhalants (eucalyptus,steam)
  9. Nasal Drops/Sprays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management of Cold Over 6

A
  1. Decongestants
  2. Antihistamines
  3. Zinc (lozenges)
  4. Echinacea
  5. Vitamin C
  6. Cough remedies
  7. Analgesics
  8. Inhalants (eucalyptus,steam)
  9. Nasal Drops/Sprays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cold Symptoms

A
  1. Rhinorrhea leading to congestion
  2. Sneeze
  3. Cough
  4. Headache (around eyes)
  5. Sore throat
  6. Earache
  7. Sinusitis (worse lying down)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antihistamines Interact with

A

Alcohol, Hypnotics, Sedatives, Anxiolytics, Betahistine, Anticholinergics (eg tricyclics, trihexyphenidyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antihistamine side effects

A

Drowsiness, Constipation, Blurred Vision, Dry mouth, Urinary Retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Decongestants Cautioned in

A

Diabetes, Heart Disease, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antihistamines cautioned in

A

Closed-Angle Glaucoma (generally avoid), Prostatic Obstruction, Epilepsy, Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sputum colour in chest infection

A

Green/Yellow/Rusty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antihistamines Interact with

A

Alcohol, Hypnotics, Sedatives, Betahistine, Anticholinergics (eg tricyclics, trihexyphenidyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antihistamine side effects

A

Drowsiness, Constipation, Blurred Vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Decongestants side effects

A

Increased stimulation, Increased BP, Increase Blood Glucose, Heart stimulation problems in hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Whooping cough symptoms

A

Begins with catarrh

Whoop on breathing in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sputum colour in chesty cough

A

Green/Yellow/Rusty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clear/White sputum indicates

A

Uninfected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TB symptoms

A

Chronic cough with blood
Chronic fever
Night sweats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Other symptoms with normal cough

A

Muscle ache, cold, sore throat, catarrh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whooping cough symptoms

A

Whoop on breathing in

Catarrh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hear Failure symptoms

A

Pink/Clear/Frothy sputum
SOB
Oedema
History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Refer cough in

A

SOB, Wheezing, Asthma, Blood, Sputum, Whoop, ADR, Two weeks not better, Chest pain, Croup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cause of dry/tickly cough

A

viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Normal cough other symptoms
Muscle ache, cold, sore throat, catarrh
26
Management of cough
1. Suppressants: unproductive 2. Expectorants: productive 3. Antihistamines 4. Sympathomimetics 5. POM: Theophylline
27
Why ask about past medication in cough?
ACEI cause chronic dry cough. Dr can change to Angiotensin-2 receptors
28
Give examples of expectorants & their details
Guafenesin (Benilyn) 100-200mg
29
Give examples of antihistamines used to treat cough
Diphenyhydramine & Promethazine at night
30
Side effects of Theophylline
Palpitations, Headache, Insomnia, GI irritation, Nausea
31
Theophylline interactions
Increased by Cimetidine, Erythromycin | Decreased by Carbamazapine, Phenytoin, Rifampacin and smoking
32
Why ask about past medication in cough?
ACEI cause chronic dry cough. Dr can change to Angiotensin-2 receptors
33
Likely cause of sore throat in school child?
Streptococcal (bacterial) throat infection
34
Give examples of analgesics used in sore throat
Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen | Flurbiprofen lozenges 8.75mg for over 12s: One every 3-6 hours. Max 5/day. Three days treatment
35
Medications causative of sore throat
Steroids (beclometasone/budesonide inhalers) leading to candidial infection due to poor technique
36
Refer sore throat if
Hoarseness for Three weeks, Children, Recurrent, ADR, Thrush, Dysphagia, One week not better, Glandular fever
37
Symptoms of glandular fever
mainly 14-21 year olds, malaise, sore throat, throat inflammation with creamy exudates, dysphagia (swollen glands)
38
Management of sore throat
1. Analgesics 2. Mouthwashes/Sprays 3. Anaesthetics 4. Lozenges/Pastilles
39
Give examples of analgesics used in sore throat
Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen | Flurbiprofen lozenges 8.75mg for over 12s: One every 3-6 hours. Max 5/day. Three days treatment
40
Give examples of mouthwashes/sprays and anaesthetics used in sore throat
1. Anti-inflammatory: Benzydamine (difflam) | 2. Local anaesthetic: Benzocaine/Lidocaine sprays
41
Give examples of lozenges and pastilles used in sore throat
Antiseptic: Cetylpyridinium (merocets) Antifungal: Dequalinium (dequadin) Anaesthetic: Benzocaine (tyrozets)
42
Side effects and contraindications of Benzydamine
Numbess/stinging in mouth/throat | Spray >6, Mouthwash >12
43
Moderate allergic rhinitis is
Troublesome symptons: One or more of: disturbed sleep, daily activities, sports, leisure, work
44
Questions about lifestyle in sore throat
Smoking because it is causative
45
Intermittent allergic rhinitis is
less than 4 days a week or less than 4 weeks
46
Persistent allergic rhinitis is
more than 4 days a week or more than 4 weeks
47
Mild allergic rhinitis is
symptoms not troublesome: normal sleep, daily activities, sport, leisure, work
48
Moderate allergic rhinitis is
Troublesome symptons: One or more of: disturbed sleep, daily activities, sports, leisure, work
49
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis
Rhinnorhea, Nasal Congestion, Nasal itching, Teary eyes, Photophobia, Sneezing
50
Refer allergic rhinitis in
Wheeze, Asthma attacks, Tight Chest, SOB, ADR, Pain in face/ear, Purulent Conjuctivitis, 5 days no improvement
51
Management of allergic rhinitis
1. Antihistamines 2. Decongestants 3. Steroid Nasal Sprays 4. Sodium Cromoglicate 5. Topical Antihistamines
52
Name non-sedating anti-histamines with ages
Acrivastine (>12) Cetetizine (>6) Loratidine (>2)
53
Name sedating anti-histamines with half lives
Promethazine (8-12h) | Diphenhydramine (5-8h)
54
Name less sedating anti-histamines
Chlorphenamine (tolerance to sedation)
55
What counselling is there for Azelastine
keep head upright
56
Give examples of steroid nasal spray used in allergic rhinitis
Beclometasone (beconase) | Fluticasone
57
Contraindications for steroid nasal spray
Glaucoma, Pregnancy, Under 18
58
Sodium Cromoglicate eye drops should not be used in
wearers of soft contact lenses
59
Give an example of a topical antihistamine used allergic rhinitis
Azelastine (Rhinolast) nasal spray
60
What counselling is there for Azelastine
keep head upright
61
Describe minor mouth ulcers
62
Describe major mouth ulcers
>10mm
63
Management of mouth ulcers
1. Chlorhexidine mouthwash 2. Topical corticosteroids 3. Local analgesic 4. Local anaesthetic
64
Behcets syndrome recognised by
Involvement of other sites: vulva, vagina, eyes. With genital ulceration and iritis
65
Causes of Erythema multiforme
infection or drugs: sulphonamides/barbiturates
66
Mouth ulcers caused by
Asprin, NSAIDs, Cytotoxics, Sulphasazaline, radiotherapy, feverfew (herbal), Iron/Folate/Zinc/Vitamin B12 deficiency
67
Refer mouth ulcers when
Mucous membrane involved, ADR, Illness Diarrhoea, Weight loss, One week of treatment failure, Rash, Three weeks not better
68
Symptoms associated with heartburn
Pain in back/arms, Dysphagia, Regurgitation
69
Counselling with Chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash
side effect is teeth stain so brush teeth before but leave 10 minute gap before using mouthwash
70
Give examples of topical corticosteroids used in mouth ulcers
Hydrocortisone buccal tablets and Triamcinolone (kenocort) paste
71
Give examples of local analgesics used in mouth ulcers
Benzydamine mouthwash/spray | Choline Salicylate Dental Gel (Bonjela)
72
Give examples of local anaesthetics used in mouth ulcers
Lidocaine/Benzocaine (orajel)
73
Symptoms associated with heartburn
Pain in back/arms, Dysphagia, Regurgitation
74
Cause of heartburn
Too much fatty food, obesity, posture, clothing tight, pregnancy, smoking, caffeine, chocolate, alcohol
75
Which medicines can cause heartburn
Anticholinergics (eg TCA, CaCB)
76
Refer Heartburn if
Pain in arms, Severe heartburn, Children, One week not better or OTC failure, Regurgitation, Dysphagia
77
Name some alginates
sodium and potassium bicarbonate
78
Give names and duration of treatment of H2 antagonists
Famotidine (6 days) | Ranitidine (14 days)
79
Symptoms of IBS
Lower abdominal pain, increased frequency of poo, alternating constipation and diarrhoea Rabbit/pencil like poo, mucous in stools, bloating, nausea, backache, lathargy
80
Name OTC Proton Pump Inhibitor and warning
Omeprazole 10mg od increase to 20mg if symptoms return | Don't take with H2. Avoid in pregnancy. Can give false negative helicobacter breath test.
81
Refer Heartburn if
Pain in arms, Severe heartburn, Children, One week not better or OTC failure, Regurgitation, Dysphagia
82
Symptoms of gastric ulcer
Dull upper right hand side abdominal pain Pointable Even when stomach empty
83
Symptoms of gallstones
Pain in right rib margin or upper abdomen
84
Symptoms of IBS
Lower abdominal pain, alternating constipation and diarrhoea
85
Symptoms of atypical angina
mid chest pain
86
Antacids decrease the absorption of
Tetracyclines, Azithromycin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Ciprofloxacin, Dipyridamole, Norfloxacin, Rifampacin, Zalcitabine, ACEI, Phenothiazines, Gabapentin, Phenytoin
87
Cause of indigestion
Excess food, alcohol, smoking
88
Drugs causative of indigestion
NSAID, Iron, Aspirin
89
When to refer indigestion
Blood, Recurring indigestion, Angina, Weight loss, ADR, Vomiting, IBS, Nausea, Gallstones, Children, Ulcer, Failed otc 5 days, First time >45yo
90
Management of indigestion
1. Aluminium/Magnesium salts 2. Sodium Bicarbonate 3. Calcium Carbonate 4. H2 antagonists 5. Domperidone POM
91
Drugs which interact with antacids
1. EC (so take 1hr before antacid) 2. Antacids decrease absorption of: Tetracyclines, Azithromycin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Ciprofloxacin, Dipyridamole, Norfloxacin, Rifampacin, Zalcitabine, ACEI, Phenothiazines, Gabapentin, Phenytoin 3. Decrease in Iron absorption so take at different time 4. Sodium Bicarbonate interacts with Lithium (decreased Li)
92
Milk alkali syndrome causes
Cause by Calcium Carbonate and Sodium Carbonate
93
Symptoms of milk alkali syndrome
Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Headache, Confusion
94
Problems with milk alkali syndrome
Hypercalcaemia, Metabolic alkalosis, Renal insufficiency
95
Give 3 examples and details of Antihistamines for motion sickness
1. Cinnarazine (>5) 2. Promethazine (>5) 3. Meclozine (>2yo)over 2yo. Take night before or 1 hr before, half life 24 hours. 25mg adult, 12.5mg in 2-12yo
96
Drugs causing Nausea and Vomiting
Aspirin, NSAIDS, Antibiotics (eg. doxycycline), Oestrogen, Steroids, Analgesics, Narcotics
97
Refer nausea and vomiting if
Smelly poo, History of chronic N&V, Elderly, Digoxin, 2 days or more, Under 2 years, Blood in vomit
98
Management of nausea and vomitting
Rehydration only
99
Dose and instructions for Promethazine
25mg in over 10 12.5 in 5 - 10 yo Take night before or 1 hour before travel
100
Give 3 examples and details of Antihistamines
1. Cinnarazine (>5) 2. Promethazine (>5) Take night before or 1hr before, half life 24 hours. 25mg in over 10. 12.5mg in 5-10yo 3. Meclozine: over 2yo. Take night before or 1 hr before, half life 24 hours. 25mg adult, 12.5mg in 2-12yo
101
Half life of cinnarazine
8 hours
102
Dose and instructions of cinnarazine
30mg adult, 15mg children. 2 hour before travel
103
Half life of Promethazine
24 hours
104
Dose and instructions for Promethazine
25mg in over 10 12.5 in 5 - 10 yo Take night before or 1 hour before travel
105
Half life of Meclozine
24 hours
106
Dose and instructions of Meclozine
25mg adult 12.5mg in 2 - 12 yo Take night before or 1 hour before travel
107
Anticholinergics contraindicated in
Prostatic hypertrophy, Glaucoma
108
Example of Anticholinergics for motion sickness
Hyoscine Hydrobromide (>3yo)
109
Dose and instructions for Hyoscine Hydrobromide
4-7 yo: 150micrograms 7-12 yo: 150-300micrograms Adults: 300micrograms Take 20min before travelling
110
Half life of Hyoscine Hydrobromide
6 hours
111
Side effects of Anticholinergics
Drowsiness, Blurred vision, Dry mouth, Constipation, Urinary retention
112
Drugs which cause constipation
Codeine, Aluminium, Hyoscine, Phenytoin, TCA, SSRI, Chlorphenamine, Promethazine, Clonidie, Methyldopa, Levodopa, Propanolol, Bendroflumethiazide, Chlorpromazine, MAOI
113
Symptoms of constipation
Abdominal discomfort, bloating, nausea, obstruction
114
Symptoms of piles
Discomfort while pooing, bleeding, constipation
115
Symptoms of anal fissure
Severe pain while pooing, less bleeding, constipation
116
Refer constipation when
Blood, One week otc failure, Bloating, Children, ADR, Pain severe, Two weeks of symptoms, Vomiting
117
Drugs which cause constipation
Codeine, Aluminium, Hyoscine, Phenytoin, TCA, SSRI, Chlorphenamine, Promethazine, Clonidie, Methyldopa, Levodopa, Propanolol, Bendroflumethiazide, Chlorpromazine, MAOI
118
Management of constipation
1. Stimulant laxatives 2. Bulk laxatives 3. Osmotic laxatives
119
Give examples and counselling of stimulant laxatives
Bisacodyl EC - do not crush/chew Docusate - works in 12 days Can cause cramps/pain
120
Management of constipation in elderly
Bulk laxatives | Caution: Increase fluid otherwise obstruction
121
Give examples and counselling for osmotic laxatives
``` Lactulose (2days for affect) can cause farting, cramps and discomfort Epsom salts (2days for affect) overuse = dehydration Glycerin suppositories (1hr for affect) can cause anal discomfort ```
122
Management of constipation in children
Increase fibre Increase water Then glycerin suppository
123
Management of constipation in pregnancy
Increase fibre Increase water Bulk laxatives
124
Stimulant laxatives contraindicated in
pregnancy
125
Management of constipation in elderly
Bulk laxatives | Caution: Increase fluid otherwise obstruction
126
When selling laxatives, watch out for
abuse for weight loss purpose
127
Symptoms of diarrhoea
Watery/rapid stool, cramp, flatulence, weakness, malaise, nausea, vomiting, fever
128
Cold, cough, vomiting and diarrhoea in babies could be
Rotavirus deactivating the stomach enzymes from digesting food
129
Name some bacteria causing diarrhoea
``` Staphylococcus Campylobacter (poultry) Salmonella (eggs) Shigella (bacillary dysentry) Escherichia Coli (renal failure) Bacillus Cereus Listeria Monocytogenes (+flu leads to sepsis/meningitis) ```
130
Which antibiotic is effective against Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter?
Ciprofloxacin
131
Possible cause of chronic diarrhoea
IBS, Tumour, Inflammation (UC/Crohns)
132
General counselling with diarrhoea
1. Increase water intake 2. No milk 3. Normal diet 4. Children can continue milk and breast-feeding
133
Refer diarrhoea when
1 day - 1 year old 2 days - 2/3 year old 3 days - everyone else Travel, Vomiting, Fever, ADR, Change in bowel habit, Blood/mucous in stool, pregnancy
134
Management of diarrhoea
1. ORT 2. Loperamide (>12) 3. Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Co-phenotrope) (>12) 4. Kaolin (rare) 5. (not) Morphine because OTC conc not affective
135
What is the dose of ORT
Under 1: 50ml 1-5: 100ml 6-12: 200ml Adult: 400ml
136
Management of IBS
1. Antispasmodics 2. Bulking agents 3. Antidiarrhoeals (loperamide)
137
General counselling with diarrhoea
1. Increase water intake 2. No milk 3. Normal diet 4. Children can continue milk and breast-feeding
138
What to avoid in IBS
Caffeine, Milk, Chocolate, Onions, Garlic, Chives, Sorbitol, Fructose, Leeks
139
When to refer IBS
Children, Obstruction of bowel, Pregnancy, >45, Blood, Unexplained weight loss, First time, Failed medication
140
Non-drug management of IBS
``` Relaxation techniques (may be a link to stress) Increase fibre (oats) Reduce sugar and fat ```
141
Peppermint Oil contraindicated in
Children, sufferers of heartburn
142
Antispasmodics contraindicated in
Paralytic ileus
143
Give examples and doses of antispasmodics
Alverine citrate 1-2 td with water Peppermint Oil 2td, 15-30 min before food Mebeverine 1td, 20 min before food
144
Counselling with Peppermint
Do not chew
145
Side effects of peppermint oil
rash, headache, tremor
146
Peppermint Oil contraindicated in
Children, sufferers of heartburn
147
Mebeverine contraindicated in
148
Counselling with Alverine citrate
Do not chew
149
Counselling with Peppermint
Do not chew
150
First degree haemorrhoids are
confined to the anal canal | can not be seen
151
Second degree haemorrhoids are
Prolapse while pooing
152
Third degree haemorrhoids are
persistently prolapsed
153
Symptoms of haemorrhoids
Pain, irritation, bleeding, constipation, change in bowel habit Increased likelihood in pregnancy
154
Refer haemorrhoids when
3 weeks or more, ADR, Blood, Change in bowel habit, Pain, Vomiting, Warfarin (+blood)
155
Name astringents used in haemorrhoids
Zinc oxide Witch hazel (hamamelis) Bismuth salts act by forming a layer
156
Name an antiseptic used in haemorrhoids
Resorcinol
157
Name skin protectants
Zinc | Kaolin
158
Name a counterirrittant used in haemorrhoids
Menthol | Phenol
159
Name steroids used for haemorrhoids and information
Hydrocortison (>18) for seven days use. Reduced inflammation = less pain and itching
160
Name astringents
Zinc oxide Witch hazel (hamamelis) Bismuth salts act by forming a layer
161
Name an antiseptic used in haemorrhoids
Resorcinol
162
Cause of haemorrhoids
Diet, sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy, genetic, constipating drugs
163
Name a laxative used in haemorrhoids
Senna (stimulant) 1-2 days | Bulk laxative if patient can not adjust diet
164
Counselling in haemorrhoids
Increase hygiene and washing/bathing | Try not to itch
165
Counselling with suppositories/ointment/cream used in haemorrhoids
Use morning, night and at bowel movement
166
Cause of haemorrhoids
Diet, sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy, genetic, constipating drugs
167
Distribution of eczema in babies
Nappy, Neck, back of scalp, face, creases of limb
168
Distribution of eczema in white kids
Back of knee, inside elbow, wrist, hands, neck, ankles, around eyes
169
Distribution of eczema in black/Asian kids
Extensor surfaces and follicular appearance
170
Distribution of eczema in adults
Neck, groin, back of hands, anus, ankles
171
Management of Eczema
1. Emollients 2. Topical corticosteroids 3. Antipruritics
172
Aggravating factors of eczema
Hayfever, dust, soap, stress, milk, food colouring, wool, antiseptic detergents
173
Associated conditions to eczema
Asthma Hayfever Family History
174
OTC hydrocortisone is contraindicated when
skin is infected (eg athelete's foot, cold sore, acne)
175
Give examples of antipruritics
Calamine, Crotamiton (Eurax), Crotamiton+Hydrocortisone (Eurax HC)
176
Management of Eczema
1. Emollients
177
Counselling for emollients used for eczema
Use as soap and moisturiser
178
Which topical corticosteroids can be used for eczema
Hydrocortisone (>10) for seven days | Clobetasone 0.05% (>12) for atopic eczema, primary irritant or allergic dermatitis and exclude seborrhoeic dermatitis
179
OTC hydrocortisone is contraindicated when
skin is infected (eg athelete's foot, cold sore, acne)
180
Symptoms of Rosacea
Red, papules, pustules only on face
181
Drugs causing Acne
Lithium, Phenytoin, Progestogens, Levonogestrel, Norethisterone as COCs
182
Refer Acne when
Severe, ADR, Failure treatment after Eight weeks,
183
Acne often occurs in
Teenage years, Pregnancy
184
Which antibiotics are used for Acne
``` Tetracycline: monocycline (Sumycin) Topical erythromycin (akne-mycin) ```
185
Symptoms of Rosacea
Red, papules, pustules only on face
186
Counselling in Acne
No link to diet, hygiene, sunlight | Make up aggravates acne so used water based
187
What is contraindicated in Acne
Hydrocortisone
188
Management of Acne
1. Benzyl Peroxide (Aquagel, Panoxyl, Duac Quinoderm, Acnecide) 2. Potassium hydroxyquinoline sulphate (Quinoderm) and salicylic acid (Occlusal) 3. Nicotinamide (Freederm) 4. Antibacterials (chlorhexidine: Quinoderm/Hibiclens wash) 5. Antiobiotics
189
Which antibiotics are used for Acne
``` Tetracycline: monocycline (Sumycin) Topical erythromycin (akne-mycin) ```
190
What are the side effects of Benzyl Peroxide
red or sore skin | bleaching of clothes
191
Ringworm of the scalp's medical name is
tinea capitis
192
Counselling for athlete's foot
Wear leather or open shoes, cotton socks | Dry foot after washing
193
What is the medical name for athlete's foot
tinea pedis
194
Dhobie itch/Jock itch medical name is
tinea cruris
195
Ringworm of the body's medical name is
tinea corporis
196
Ringworm of the scalp's medical name is
tinea capitis
197
Treat fungal name with
Amorolfine 5% for 6 - 12 months
198
Amorolfine is contraindicated in
Pregnancy | Breast feeding
199
Treat ringworm infection with
Miconazole
200
Refer athlete's foot when
Severe, Toenails involved, Unresponsive two weeks, Pus/weeping, Infected, Diabetes
201
Management of Athlete's foot
1. Azoles 2. Terbinafine (Lamisil) 3. Tolnaftate (mycil) 4. Undecenoates 5. NOT hydrocortisone unless intertrigo associated
202
Which azoles can be used in athlete's foot
Clotrimazole, Ketoconazole, Miconazole
203
Symptoms of cold sore
Pain Blister with inflamed red raised skin Recurs in same place
204
Side effect of terbinafine
Itch | Redness
205
Warning with terbinafine
Avoid eyes
206
Side effect of Tolnaftate
Stinging
207
Causative factors of cold sores
Sun, wind, stress, fever, menstruation
208
Symptoms of cold sore
Pain Blister with inflamed red raised skin Recurs in same place
209
Refer cold sore when
Frequent, Atopic eczema, Children, Eyes affected, Uncertain diagnosis, Painless sore, Severe, Worsening, Immunocompromised patient, Failed treatment, Two weeks or longer
210
Counselling with cold sore
``` Wash hands after application Eye make up is a risk Contagious so no sharing, no oral sex Try to avoid if you have eczema Sunscreen preventative ```
211
Management of Warts/Verrucaue
1. Salicylic Acid/Lactyic Acid gels/ointments/plasters 2. Cryotherapy (>4) 10 days 3. Duct tape for 5mins, 6 days, 8 weeks 4. Formaldehyde gel bd for verrucae 5. Glutaraldehyde 5%/10%
212
Dose of Aciclovir/Penciclovir
Aciclovir: Every 4 hours, 5 times a day for 5 days Penciclovir: Every 2 hours, 8 times a day for 4 days
213
Refer if pigmented lesion
``` increased in size has irregular outline, changes colour (especially to black) itches or bleeds has satellite lesions ```
214
Describe a non-pigmented basal cell carcinoma
circular, raised, rolled edge, no healing, enlarges and crust fall off, not a lesion, elderly
215
Refer warts/verrucae if
3 months no change, risk of cancer, chance in size/colour, bleed, itch, on genital/face, immunocompromised patients, multiple warts, diabetes
216
Management of Warts/Verrucaue
1. Salicylic Acid/Lactyic Acid gels/ointments/plasters 2. Cryotherapy (>4) 10 days 3. Duct tape for 5mins, 6 days, 8 weeks 4. Formaldehyde gel bd for verrucae 5. Glutaraldehyde 5%/10%
217
Counselling with Salicylic Acid/Lactyic Acid
Avoid eyes | Use applicator
218
Cryotherapy is contraindicated in
Diabetes | Pregnancy
219
Glutaraldehyde side effect
Stains skin brown
220
Symptoms of scabies
5-10mm grey threadlines Inbetween fingers/toes/wrist/armpit/inner thigh/ass/balls Itching at night
221
Where does scabies occur mainly in babies and elderly?
Head and postauricular folds
222
How does scabies look in immunocompromised and debilitated patients?
Skin becomes thick and crusted
223
What should you look out for in scabies
Weeping yellow crusts/discharge shows secondary infection (impetigo)
224
Refer scabies when
Failure treatment, Unclear disagnosis, Infected skin, Children, Yellow discharge/crust
225
Management of scabies
Permethrin [Lyclear] (>2) | Malathion [Derbac] (>6)
226
What is the dose of Permethrin in scabies
30-60g needed | Leave on for 8-12hours
227
Who requires supervision with Permethrin use
70
228
What are the side effects of Permethrin
Itching | Reddening of skin
229
What is the dose of Malathion in scabies
100ml | Leave on for 24hours
230
What is the counselling with Malathion in scabies
Apply with paintbrush/cotton wool on cool dry skin | If wash hands - reapply
231
What are the side effects of Malathion
Skin irritation
232
Who requires supervision with Malathion use
233
Patient presents complaining of itching after use of scabies treatment
First few days it can be worse | Manage with Crotamiton cream or Promethazine tabs
234
What non-medical counselling should be given in scabies after application
Wash bedding and all cloths at 80degrees | Get the whole family treated
235
What can aggravate dandruff
Hair dye Perms Chlorquine causes psoriasis
236
When should you refer dandruff
Psoriasis suspected, Unresponsive to treatment, Sore Scalp, Infection signs
237
How is dandruff managed
1. Ketoconazole 2% (Nizoral) 2. Zinc Pyrithione (Denorex/Dermazinc) 3. Selenium Sulphide 2.5% (SelSun) 4. Coal Tar (T-Gel)
238
Dose of Ketoconazole in dandruff
Use twice weekly for 2-4 weeks
239
Dose of Zinc Pyrithione in dandruff
Use twice weekly for two weeks then once weekly thereafter
240
Dose of Selenium Sulfide in dandruff
Use twice weekly for two weeks then once weekly for one week then as required
241
Side effects of Selenium Sulfide
Discolouration of blonde, grey and dyed hair (therefore wash thoroughly)
242
Counselling with dandruff treatment
``` Continue treatment Use of scalp not hair Leave on for 5 mins Use normal shampoo 3 times a week Gel, mousse, hairspray is ok ```
243
Possible causes of hair loss
Hypothyroidism Pregnancy Renal failure Ringworm (tine capitis)
244
Which medicines cause hair loss
Vitamin A (in overdose), Allopurinol, BB, Bromocriptine, Colchine, Coumarins, Clofibrate, Cytotoxics, Lithium, Sodium Valproate
245
When to refer hair loss
Hypothyroidism suspected, Alopecia, ADR, Anaemia, Menstrual disorder
246
What are the characteristics of hypothyroidism
Feeling tired, run down, weigtht gain, deepening of voice
247
Management of hair loss
Minoxidil (Regaine)
248
What is the mechanism of action of Minoxidil
unknown
249
Counselling with Minoxidil
More likely to work if baldness is 10cm Earlier use is better Works better with thinning/loss at scalp top in men and generalised thinning in women Reassure compliance is needed
250
Minoxidil is contraindicated in
Pregnancy and Breast feeding
251
Side effects of Minoxidil
Palpitation, Hypotension, Irritation, Tachycardia
252
Dose of Minoxidil
Use twice daily on clean dry scalp. Do not wash for one hour.
253
Symptoms of Psoriasis
Raised red scaly patch | Plaque at elbows/knee/lower back/sole/scalp
254
Which medicines can cause Psoriasis
BB, Lithium, Antimalarials, NSAIDs
255
Psoriasis should be referred when
there is an exacerbation
256
Treatment of Psoriasis is caution in who and why
In pregnancy because some emollients are teratogenic
257
Management of Psoriasis
1. Calcipotriol (Dovonex) or Tacalcitol (curatoderm) 2. Topical steroids: Betamethasone + Calciptriol (Dovobet) 3. Dithranol (Micanol)
258
What is second line management of Psoriasis
Phototherapy, Methotrexate, Etretinate, Ciclosporin
259
Calcipotriol/Tacalcitol overuse can lead to
Hypercalcaemia
260
How do you use with Betamethasone + Calciptriol in Psoriasis
Use in flexures (folds of skin) not the body, only up to 30% of the body for 4 weeks
261
How do you use Dithranol
Leave on for 30 minutes then remove using emollient
262
Counselling with Dithranol
Do not use on face, genitalia, flexures. | Wash hands after use
263
Side effects of Betamethasone + Calciptriol
Adrenocortical suppresion, Skin atrophy, Striae (Stretch marks)
264
Counselling with Betamethasone + Calciptriol
Stopping use can cause flare up of Psoriasis
265
What is a tension headache
Dull pain at base of skull going up to upper neck Feels like a band around head No neck stiffness
266
What is a classic migraine
with Aura. Visual alteration/flashing lights | Prodromal phase lasts 1 hour
267
Characteristic signs of Prodromal phase of classic migraine
Tingling/numbness on one side of body/lips/fingers/face/hand | Nausea and Vomiting
268
What is a common migraine
``` No aura. Pulsating/Throbbing on one or both sides of head. Photophobia. Nausea and Vomiting. Pain on movement Lasts 72 hours ```
269
What is a chronic daily headache
Present on more than 15 days a month over 6 months | Stiff neck
270
What is a cluster headache
Half hour to 3 hours Headaches one after the other daily for 2-3months. One side of head, in eye/cheek/temple. Painful, watery eye and blocked/watery nostrol on same side
271
What is Sinusitis
Build up of mucous with no drainage. Causes pain behind and around eye. Rhinnorhoea/congestion Worse on bending or lying down
272
What is temporal arteritis
Arteries in temple inflamed and appear red, are thick and painful
273
Chronic daily headache may be caused by
ADR with codeine
274
Temporal arteritis can lead to
Blindness
275
What can cause a headache
Stress, Chocolate, Cheese, Menstrual cycle, Eyes (need test), Work
276
Which medicines can cause headaches
Nitrates in angina drugs, Codeine, overuse of meds, interaction of MAOI with tyramine
277
Refer headaches when
Back of head, Unsteadiness, Breast feeding, Failure meds otc, Lying down worse, ADR, COCS (cerbravascular problems), CVD history, Injury, Drowsy, Severe, Children(65), Neck stiff, Eye disturbances, Mornings worse, Vomiting, Pregnant,
278
Management of Migraine
1. Paracetamol 2. Ibuprofen 3. Aspirin 4. Codeine 5. Doxylamine succinate 6. Sumatriptan 7. Cup of tea/coffee 8. Buclizine
279
Problems with paracetamol
at high dose can cause liver toxicity
280
Dose of Ibupforen
200-400mg, 1200mg max OTC (analgesic). After food. Suspension
281
Side effects of NSAIDs
Stomach irritation, idigestion, nausea, diarrhoea, gastric bleeding
282
Cautions for NSAIDs
Asthma, Elderly
283
NSAIDs contraindicated in
Peptic ulcer, Sensitivity to Aspirin, Congestive heart failure, renal impairment, pregnancy (especially third tri)
284
NSAIDs interact with
Lithium (reduced Li clearance, increase in Lithium leading to Lithium toxicity)
285
Symptoms of Lithium toxicity
GI symptoms, Polyuria (lots of pee), muscle weakness, lethargy, tremor
286
Dose of Aspirin for analgesia
300-900mg every 4-6 hours, 4g max
287
Side effects of Aspirin
GI irritation, GI bleeding, Ulceration, hypersensitivity
288
Aspirin contraindicated in
Pregnancy,
289
Aspirin interacts with
Alcohol, anticoagulants, SSRI, Venlafaxine, Methotrexate
290
Dose of codeine for migraine
15mg with Aspirin/Paracetamol OTC
291
Side effects of codeine
Constipation, Drowsiness, Respiratory Depression (unlikely OTC), headache (with overuse)
292
Max number of OTC codeine/dihydrocodeine
32 unit dose including effervescent
293
Doxylamine contraindicated in
294
Sumatriptan max OT sale
2 tabs 50mg
295
Age range for Sumatriptan
18-65
296
Dose of Sumatriptan
50mg when headache starts. Second tablet 2hours after the first IF symptoms come back and IF response to first dose
297
When selling OTC Sumatriptan refer
65, >50 first attack, first migraine in 12 months, 4 attacks a month, >24hour length of migraine, no response to Sumatriptan, >10days migraine a month, COC, Patients no recovery between attacks, Pregnant, BF, CVD risk
298
Sumatriptan cautioned in
>3 CVD risk factors
299
What are CVD risks
>40 man, Post-menopause women, hypercholesrerolaiemia, smoking >10, BMI >30, diabetes, FH angina/heart attack (father/brother MI/angina
300
Sumatriptan contraindications
Prophylactic use, Hypertension, History MI, IHD, Angina, Arrythmias, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, epilepsy
301
Side effects of Sumatriptan
nausea, vomiting, tingling, dizziness, drowsiness, flushing, warm sensation, weakness, fatigue, heaviness feeling, pain/pressure in any part of body
302
Sumatriptan interacts with
MAOI, SJW, SSRI
303
Side effects of Feverfew
Bitter taste, Skin rash, Heartburn, mouth ulcer, colic
304
Feverfew contraindicated in
Pregnancy
305
Order of treating soft tissue injuries
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
306
When to refer musculoskeletal problems
Head injury, Arthiritis, Bruising unexplained, ADR, Back pain, Elderly, Bladder/Anal/Genital alteration, Fracture, Failure otc, Fibromyalgia, Frozen shoulder
307
Management of musculoskeletal
1. Topical analgesic 2. Counterirritants/Rubefacients 3. Topical anti-inflammatory/antifungals 4. Heparinoid/Hyaluronidase 5. Glucosamine/Chondroitin (poor evidence) 6. Acupuncture
308
Name some counterirritants and rubefacients
Methyl salicylate + Menthol (eg. Deep heat) + Capsicum/Capsaicin (eg. Radian B) Nicotinates
309
What counselling is given with Capsaicin
Wash hands
310
Name a side effect of Nicotinates
dizziness/fainting
311
Side effects of glucosamine
abdodiscomfort, tenderness, heartburn, diarrhoea, nausea
312
Causes of back pain
posture, mattress, overweight, lifting things wrong
313
When to apply heat in musculoskeletal pain
after 1-2 days
314
Which bacteria cause Cystitis
Escherichia Coli Staphylococcus saprophyticus Proteus Mirabilis
315
What are the symptoms of Cystitis
``` Ithcing sensation Frequency & urge urination increases, Dysuria (pain on urination), Bladder feels full but only drops come, Urine clody/smelly ```
316
What are the symptoms of Chlamydia in women
Symptoms of Cysitisis, vaginal discharge change, lower abdominal pain
317
Management of Chlamydia
Azithromycin
318
Symptoms of upper UTI in women
Fever, nausea, vomiting, loin pain, tenderness
319
Possible causes of Cystitis
Diabetes, Honeymoon cystitis, toiletries (vaginal deodrant/bubble bath, chemicals (spermicides, disinfectant)
320
Patient complains of itching, urination urge/frequency increase, dysuria, urine cloudy/smelly, thirst and weight loss
Diabetic with Cystitis - refer
321
Drugs which can cause Cystitis
Cytotoxics: cyclophosphamide and methenamine hippurate (hexamine) Possible the pill
322
How do contraceptive pills link cause Cystitis
They don't. Women on pill more likely to have more sex causing more chance Cystitis
323
When to refer Cystitis
Children, Recurrent, ADR, Blood, Suprapubic pain, Fever, OTC failure, Loin pain or tenderness, Discharge changed, Diabetic symptoms, Upper UTI symptoms, Men, Pregnancy
324
Management of Cystitis
1. Ibuprofen or Paracetamol (2/7) 2. Potassium and Sodium Citrate (2/7) 3. Cranberry Juice 4. Trimethoprim and Nitrofurantoin
325
Potassium and Sodium Citrate mechanism of action in Cystitis
Alkalise urine as acidic causes dysuria
326
Potassium Citrate contraindications
Potassium sparing diuretics, aldosterone antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (In which hyperkalaemia can result)
327
Potassium Citrate counselling
Unpleasant taste so dilute in cold water | DO NOT EXCEED STATED DOSE
328
Sodium Citrate contraindications
Hypertension, Heart disease, Pregnancy
329
How can cranberry juice help in Cystitis
In recurrent Cystitis 300ml a day has bacteriostatic effect
330
Other counselling in Cystitis
After poo wipe tissue front back Lean back when peeing & wait 20seconds Drinking lots water helps in recurrent not acute Cystitis
331
What is primary dysmenorrhoea
Lower abdominal cramping before bleeding starts Eases at beginning period Gone by end first day of period
332
What is Mittelschmerz
Midcycle ovulation pain Hours - days Can have bleeding
333
What is secondary dysmenorrhoea
``` Pain other times of cycle ~ 1 wk before period Relief or worsen beginning period Dull aching pain Pain during sex More common in older women/had children ```
334
What is endometriosis
35 - 45 yo 1 week before period or non-cyclical Lower abdominal/back pain Pain during sex
335
What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Severe lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge, not related to period
336
What can cause Pelvic inflammatory disease
Intrauterine contraceptive device (coil)
337
Dysmennorhoea associated symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, general GI discomfort, constipation, headache, backache, fatigue, feeling dizzy/faint
338
What is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Bloated, increased weight, ankle/finger swelling, headache, breast tenderness all 2-14 days before period Irritability, tension, depression, tiredness, difficulty concentrating Better when period starts
339
Management of PMS
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6), Evening Primrose (breast tenderness)
340
Management of Dysmenorrhoea
1. NSAIDS: Ibuprofen, Naproxen 2. Aspirin 3. Paracetamol 4. Hyoscine 5. Caffeine 6. TENS 7. Acupuncture
341
What does of Naproxen 250mg can be used in dysmenorrhoea
2 tabs initially the 1 every 6-8 hours pr. Max 3 tabs/day for maximum of 3 days
342
When is Naproxen suitable for treatment of Dysmenorrhoea
In primary dysmenorrhoea 15-50year old
343
When safe to take Aspirin but best avoided in dysmennorrhoea
Nausea and Vomiting
344
Counselling with Aspirin & NSAIDs
After food, confirm no history GI problems, confirm no Aspirin sensitivity, confirm age/pregnancy
345
Mechanism action of Aspirin & NSAIDs in Dysmenorrhoea
Inhibit prostaglandins
346
Hyoscine contraindicated in
Closed-Angle Glaucoma, patient on other anticholinergics (eg TCA)
347
When to refer Dysmenorrhoea
Abnormal discharge, Secondary dysmenorrhoea, Abnormal bleeding, PMS, Contraceptives, Late period pain, Intermittent pain (mittelschmerz), Failure otc, Fever
348
Symptoms of Vaginal Thrush
Itching, Burning, Smelly cream curdy thick discharge, Pain on urination, pain on sex, partner rash on penis
349
Cause of Vaginal Thrush
Toileteries, deodrants, douches, over-clearning
350
Medicines that can cause Vaginal Thrush
Contraceptive pill, Antibiotics, Anaesthetics
351
Refer Vaginal Thrush when
60, Dysuria, ADR, Discharge abnormal, Pregnancy, Abnormal bleed, Pain, First time, Ulcers, Sores, Blisters, OTC hypersensitivity (to imidazoles), Two attacks in 6 months, STD, seven days no improve
352
Management of Vaginal Thrush
1. Combination of the following 2. Oral azole 3. Pessary 4. Topical (Clotrimazole/Miconazole)
353
Dose of Azole cream used in Vaginal Thrush
Apply morning and evening
354
Side effects of Azole creams in Vaginal Thrush
Burning on initial application
355
Oral Fluconazole interacts with
Anticoagulants, oral sulphonylureas, ciclosporin, phenytoin, rifampacin, theophylline Unlikely with single dose
356
Side effects of Fluconazole
Nausea, Abdodiscomfort, farting, diarrhoea
357
Fluconazole contraindicated in
Pregnancy | Breast feeding
358
Management of Penile Thrush (rash on penis)
1. Cream bd 6/7 under foreskin | 2. Oral fluconazole
359
Live Yoghurt is safe to use in Vaginal Thrush? T/F
True. However evidence lacking
360
EHC recommended when
1. COCS: >3 inactive, >2 active, >1 first week 2. POP: >3hours. (Cerazette >12hours) 3. Progestogen injectable: >14wk medroxyprogesterone and >10wk norethisterone 4. Barrier failure 5. UPSI
361
Refer request of EHC when patient taking these meds
``` Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Primidone, Phenobarbital) Rifampacin Griseofulvin Ritonavir SJW ```
362
Refer EHC when
Possibly prergnant, Interacting meds, Future use, 72hours UPSI
363
Drug in EHC is
Levonorgestrel 1.5mg
364
Side effects of Levonorgestrel
Nausea, vomiting
365
Levonorgestrel contraindication
Pregnancy, hepatic dysfunction, crohns
366
Counselling with Levonorgestrel
Take ASAP = effectiveness decreases with time Sickness common, if sick in 3h -> retake Period disruption. Pregnancy/STD still possible Missed COC - 7 days unprotected
367
Pregnant lady wants Antacid - check what?
Sodium content
368
Morning sickness management
with ginger
369
Itching in pregnancy could be
obstetric cholestasis
370
Symptoms of infective bacterial conjunctivitis
Pain, gritty, discharge which is sticky and purulent
371
Management of bacterial conjunctivitis
1. Chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops every 2 hours for 24 hours then qd 2. OTC: Chloramphenicol eye ointment 1%(>2)
372
Counselling with conjunctivitis
Avoid contact lenses for 24 hours | Don't share pillow/towel
373
Symptoms of infective viral conjunctivitis
Pain, gritty and watery discharge
374
Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis
Irritation, discomfort and watery discharge
375
Management of allergic conjunctivitis
Sodium Cromoglicate eye drops used before symptoms if possible Decongestants Antihistamine drops
376
Symptoms of Corneal Ulcers
Pain from abrasion (possibly contact lenses)
377
Iritis/Uveitis symptoms
Pain inside eye, eye is red, pupil small, no discharge
378
Symptoms of Acute Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Severe pain in and around the eye, associated vomiting, impaired vision, halo around lights
379
Symoptoms of Keratitis
Unilateral acutely painful red eye, photophobia,
380
Blepharitis symptoms
Irritation, discomfort, watery discharge like allergic conjunctivitis but less itching, crusty matter between lashes
381
Management of Blepharitis
Remove crusty matter from lashes uses cotton wool bud
382
Refer eye problems when
Photophobia, lots of redness, vision affected | suspected: corneal ulcers, keratitis, Iritis, Glaucoma
383
Management of Wax build up
1. Olive oil (room temp, 1hour overnight) 2. Sodium Bicarbonate drops (bd for 3-5days) 3. Urea Hydrogen Peroxide [Otex] (5drops, bd, 4/7) 4. Syringing
384
Symptoms of Otitis Externa
Pain, discharge, also: itch, hearing loss,
385
Symptoms of Otitis Media
Pain, deafness, eardrum perforates (discharge and pain goes down)
386
Counselling in ear infections
Avoid soap/shampoo getting into ear canal, avoid cotton buds/towel corner/fingers
387
Ear infections caused by which organism
Pseudomonas, Staphylococcal, Aspergillus
388
Refer ear problems when
Infection suspected
389
Symptoms of Chicken Pox
Small red lumps -> blisters -> crusts | On trunk and face (possibly mouth)
390
Symptoms of Measles
First 2 days only a Cold, Cough, Conjunctivitis, Fever After that: Koplik spots (small white) on inner cheek and gums After that: Measles rash (small red patches) behind ears, face, trunk Spots blanch on pressure
391
Symptoms of Roseola Infantum
In v young children. Symptoms similar to Measles but on chest and abdomen
392
Symptoms of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
Fever, headache, rash starting on face - slapped cheeks - spreading to trunk and limbs Spots blanch on pressure
393
Risks associated with Fifth disease
Risk in Preganacy of miscarriage and baby having anaemia
394
Symptoms of German Measles (Rubella)
Initially catarrh & back of neck glands enlarge Rash (fine red spots) starts on face then trunk and limbs Spots blanch on pressure
395
Symptoms of Meningitis
High temp, cold hands/feet, vomiting/diarrhoea, neck stiffness, joint pain, drowsiness, dislike of lights, confusion, fits, sometimes rash
396
Symptoms of Meningitis in babies
High temp, cold hands/feet, vomiting/refuse feed, high pitch cry/whimpering, blank expression, blotchy pale complexion, floppy, lethargic, difficult to awake, head soft spot (Fontanelle) tense/bulging, sometimes rash
397
Causative organism for Meningitis
Meningococcus, Haemophilus, Pneumococcus
398
Refer childhood rash when
Meningitis suspected, flu symptoms, vomiting, headache, neck stiff, rash, no blanching on pressure, breathing difficulty, earache, severe cough
399
Risk associated with Rubella (German measles)
Pregnancy - risk to foetus
400
Management of Chicken Pox
Cut childs nails 1. Crotamiton (Eurax) 2. Calamine lotion 3. Chlorphenamine 4. Analgesics
401
Symptoms of Colic
Late afternoon/evening crying, baby can not be comforted, red in face and draws up knees, passing wind, difficulty pooing
402
Management of Colic
Simeticone (Infacol) for 1 week BF babies mother exclude cows milk Hypoallergenic formula (Nutramigen)
403
Management of teething babies
Paracetamol, teething gel
404
Things which cause Nappy rash
Urine, Poo, Soaps, Wetness, after diarrhoea, after Antibiotics,
405
Baby with nappy rash also has rash on head
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
406
Baby with nappy rash also has rash on other body areas
Eczema
407
Baby with nappy rash also has satellite papules (small red lesions)
Secondary fungal infection - refer for azole topical therapy
408
Baby with nappy rash also has sore mouth/throat
Oral thrush - refer to doctor
409
Baby with nappy rash which is weeping/yellow
Bacerial infection - refer for Antibiotics
410
Management of nappy rash
1. Emollients [Bepanthen] (zinc/lanolin/oils) 2. Antibacterials [Savlon] (Chlorhexadine gluconate) 3. Antifungals (azoles) 4. Hydrocortisone cream/ointment
411
Counselling with nappy rash
Let baby air on towel, change as early as possible, avoid waterproof pants, dry bum after cleaning, use emollient/cream
412
Refer nappy rash if
Broken skin, severe, infected, other areas involved, 2 weeks no resolve, failure otc
413
Symptoms of headlice
Visible on white paper/tissue after wet combing near nape/ears Sometimes itch
414
Management of headlice
1. Dimeticone (Hedrin) 2. Insecticide 3. Isopropyl myristate & cyclomethicone solution (Full Marks) 4. Coconut, anise and ylang ylang (CAY) spray 5. Bug busting
415
Give examples of insecticides used for headlice
Malathion (Derbac), Permethrin (Lyclear), Phenothrin
416
Are tea tree oil and aromatherapy effective against head lice?
No evidence
417
How does Dimeticone work
Coats lice and prevents them excreting water
418
What is the dose of Dimeticone for head lice
Apply to dry hair and scalp Leave 8hours then rinse Apply again after 7 days and again if wet combing shows lice
419
Isopropl myristate/cyclomethicone solution work by
having a physical effect on lice
420
Dose of lotions used for head lice
Apply to dry hair/scalp Leave on for 12 hours rinse off Repeat after 7 days
421
Side effects of Dimeticone
Itching, flaky scalp, irritation
422
Shampoos are better than Lotions for head lice. T/F
False. Lotions have a longer contact time. Shampoo/cream rinses/mousses not recommended
423
Counselling for head lice
Treat whole family 50-100ml per person Nits (empty shells) remain after treatment Hair dryer inactivates lotion
424
Considerations for alcohol based lotions
Keep away from flames Stinging at broken skin or eczema Avoid in asthmatics
425
Symptoms of threadworms
Itching bottom at night Seen in poo Sometimes diarrhoea
426
Parent asks about child who is scratching his bottom, what is causing this?
Could be either threadworms, allergic/irritant dermatitis (from soaps etc), scabies, fungal infection
427
Refer Threadworms when
Infection, Weeping, Epilepsy, Broken skin, Failure otc, Abroad travel, Pregnant
428
Management on threadworms
1. Mebendazole (ovex/vermox) | 2. Piperazine (pripsen)
429
Mebendazole contraindicated
Pregnancy
430
Piperazine contraindicated
Pregnancy | Epilepsy
431
Mebendazole is active against
Whipworm, roundworm, hookworm
432
Piperazine is active against
threadworm, roundworm
433
Side effect of Mebendazole
Diarrhoea (rarely)
434
Mode of action of Piperazine
Paralysis of threadworm in gut
435
Piperazine should be prescribed with
Senna. To ensure paralysed worms expelled
436
Side effects of Piperazine
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, colic, headaches, dizziness
437
Mebendazole and Piperazine should be repeated when
Mebendazole after 7 days | Piperazine after 2 weeks
438
Medicines which can cause oral thrush
Antibiotics, steroids
439
Symptoms of oral thrush
White plaques tongue/innter cheek. Scrape - red/bleed
440
Managament of oral thrush
Antifungal: Miconazole gel (Daktarin oral gel). After food. | >6years old: qd, Children: bd. 2/7
441
Miconazole contraindicated in
Patients taking anticoagulants (increases bleeding time)
442
Baby with nappy rash and oral thrush
Both areas Clotrimazole/Miconalzole
443
Refer oral thrush when
Failed otc, Older kids, Recurrent infection
444
Transient insomnia occurs for
a few days
445
Short term insomnia occurs for
446
Chronic insomnia occurs for
>3 weeks
447
Insomnia is caused by the following medicines
Decongestants, Fluoxetine, MAOI, Corticosteroids, Appetite suppressants, Phenytoin, Theophylline
448
Which medical problems cause pain which can keep patient awake at night
Angina, Arthiritis,. Cancer, GORD, Parkinson's disease, hyperthyroidism, Breathing difficulty in Heart Failure, COAD, Asthma
449
Management of Insomnia
1. Antihistamines 2. Benzodiazapines 3. Complementary therapy (lavander oil/aromatherapy) 4. Melatonin (POM) 5. SJW 6. Nasal Plasters (for snorers)
450
Which antihistamines are used for insomnia
Diphenyhydramine and Promethazine
451
Half life of Diphenyhydramine and Promethazine
Diphenyhydramine: 5-8hours Promethazine: 8-12hours
452
When to take antihistamines for insomnia
20-30 mins before bed for >16 only
453
Benzodiazapines used in insomnia should be used for
3 weeks
454
What is melatonin
Produced by pineal gland during darkness
455
Counselling regarding insomnia
Sleep hygiene, exercise, warm bath, electric blankey, caffeine avoidance
456
Refer insomnia when
Depression, Under 16, ADR, Chronic
457
Refer Chest problems when
Pain, SOB, Wheeze, Ankles swollen, Blood in sputum, Palpitations, Persistent cough, Whooping cough, Croup, Sputum mucoid/coloured
458
Refer Gut problems when
Difficult swallowing, Blood in vomit, Blood in diarrhoea, Constipation AND vomiting, weight loss, alteration bowel habit
459
Refer Eye problems when
Painful red, vision loss, double vision
460
Refer ear problems when
Pain, discharge, deaf, irritation, tinnitus, vertigo
461
Refer Urinary problems when
Difficult passing urine, Blood in urine, Cystitis with pain in abdomen/loin/back, Cystitis with temperature, Uretheral discharge, vaginal discharge, vaginal bleeding in pregnancy
462
Neck stiffness/rigidity with temperature should be referred T/F
True
463
Persistent vomiting can be treated OTC T/F
False, refer
464
Child with non blanching rash (purpura)
refer
465
Medicines which cause hypertension/precipitate heart failure/have CV side effects
Sympathomimetics: Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Dobutamine, Dopamine, Phenylephrine Thyroxine, TCA, Triptans Contraceptives
466
Sudden Betablocker withdrawal can
Induce unstable angina, MI, sudden death

Pharmacy Pre-Registration (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions