OT Mod 2 Questions

Question 1

Why is the primary pathway of communication in the body the blood and not the CNS?

Answer 1

The nervous system has its own blood supply. As a consequence the health of a nerve and the organic and somatic tissue that innervates it is determined by the quality of its supply.

Question 2

Besides GTO/muscles spindle reflexes, what else does treatment effect?

Answer 2

The change in that reflex influences both the tonicity of the muscle and the vasomotor tone of the blood vessels that share its innervation. Overall motor stimuli is lowered throughout the body allowing the entire corpus to work more efficiently.

Question 3

During palpation, what can superficial heat mean?

Answer 3

Heat from the surface of the body can mean that blood has moved from deep to superficial in a reflex zone.

Question 4

Simple

Answer 4

Somatic or organic and and are localized to one area.

Question 5

Chain

Answer 5

Organic - paired organs that inhabit a similar space (heart & lung) and perform complementary functions.

Somatic - Ascending or descending , moving from superficial to deep and or vice versa to a larger area, limiting the motion of more than one muscle group or more than one joint.

Question 6

Complex Chain

Answer 6

Organic - influence one organ pairing (heart and lungs affecting liver and stomach).

Somatic - begin to lose compensation as we move from one limb through the axial skeleton to another limb above or below,.

Blended. An organic lesion is never without a somatic result.

Question 7

Why do we strive to be more comprehensive in our understanding of the body in osteopathy?

Answer 7

We believe that disease is derived from a malposition of the anatomy

Question 8

Where does the loop sequence progress from and what do we know about perverted anatomy?

Answer 8

The loop sequence progresses from the malposition of the anatomy to the malposition of the physiology to the pathology and back to the malposition of the anatomy. If there is a perversion in the anatomy, mechanical will not function correctly.

Question 9

What is expression of disease often a result of?

Answer 9

The effect and not the cause. As long as the cause remains untreated, a pathological expression can remain (either in it’s original expression or as a manifestation of something else)

Question 10

Why do we treat the MSK system?

Answer 10

Gateway to return the blood flow back to its natural state

Question 11

Osteopathy is _______ and therefore it is beneficial to be a _______ like thinking and _________ like worker.

Answer 11

inclusive, engineer & mechanical

Question 12

We want to avoid only local treatments because we do not want to attempt to integrate changes made to the body and avoid adjusting every joint because we don’t want to disturb every joint in an attempt to coordinate the body and end up ______ the nervous system

Answer 12

overtaxing

Question 13

If we are Osteopaths why do we palpate soft tissue? And, what law is helpful to us?

Answer 13

To detect the texture and temperature of the soft tissue before the bony tissue. Hilton’s Law states that if the soft tissue is altered in any way, there is also some degree of hard tissue lesioning because both superficial and deep tissues are inverted by the same neurology

Question 14

During palpation, what can superficial heat mean?

Answer 14

Heat of the surface of the body can mean that the blood has moved from deep to superficial in a reflex zone

Question 15

Explain the significance and function of the autonomics in normal and altered anatomy?

Answer 15

The body is a closed system; therefore that autonomics function so that stimulating vasodilation in one area means stimulating vasoconstriction in another.
Altered anatomy - both ends of those reflexes are affected

Question 16

What is expression of disease often a result of?

Answer 16

Disorder in the body

Question 17

Osteopathically what is the true significance of a joint?

Answer 17

It’s a relationship to other structures, proximally and/or distally

Realized through polygonal mechanics

Question 18

What are T-lines?

Answer 18

Two horizontal and one vertical line

Upper T Line: Acromion Processes -> AP
Lower T Line: Top of the iliac crest -> iliac crest
Ventral Line:
Ventral/Anterior - Fascial
Posterior - Spine (has a neurophysiological influence)

Question 19

What are three qualities of healthy mechanics?

Answer 19

All structures should have elasticity and plasticity within their physiological ranges of motion

The body should work in a collectic, integrated fashion

The first and second conditions promote an environment for a healthy neurophysiology

Question 20

What two lines bisect to form the primary pivot? What dorsal and ventral anatomical landmarks does this primary pivot correlate with?

Answer 20

Horizontal and vertical lines
Dorsal: Adrenal Glands
Ventral: Epigastric Fossa

Question 21

What are the four quadrants and why is symmetry within these quadrants an important concept as it relates to assessment and treatment?

Answer 21

Right upper and lower quadrant
Left upper and lower quadrant
Symmetry is important for proper physiological function

Question 22

Define the terms somatic field and organic field in your own words?

Answer 22

Somatic - Musculoskeletal

Organic - Relates to the organ

Question 23

How is the T-line model used to assess global and local compensation patterns?

Answer 23

T-line model is used to assess elevated or declinated T-Lines which would have an effect on various other regions of the body. Provides the practitioner with a blueprint to examine how the body is situated and make adjustments accordingly

Question 24

The lumbar spine is extended globally and will not flex. Would this have an impact on all sagittal plane pivots within the body? What might be a possibly compensation of the upper T-line in response to global lumbar extension?

Answer 24

The body could compensate by bringing the upper body into flexion as a means to compensate for the lumbar extension. The oblique lines would shorten, the thoracic spine would go into flexion and the OA joint would go into extension to mirror the lumbar spine respectively

Question 25

What muscles make up the myogons? How is the significant to T-line levelling?

Answer 25

Upper: Trapezius & Pectoralis Major
Lower: Psoas Major and Quadratus Lumborum

Question 26

How would a bilateral shift to the coxofemoral joints both anteriorly and posteriorly potentially affect the lumbar and dorsal spine? How would this affect the primary pivot?

Answer 26

Lumbars would go into flexion which strains the dorsal spine placing it in extension

Primary pivot cannot be performed as its function as the transition point between primary motions of side-bending/rotation and flexion/extension if the base is unstable

Question 27

Describe the oblique line of muscular compensation created by unilateral hinging.

Answer 27

The unilateral hinge on the soft tissues forms a continuous strain through large muscles that work oblique axes, including the psoas in the lower polygon, the trapezius in the upper polygon and the trapezius from the upper T-line spanning towards the occiput (centre). The SCM mirrors the psoas, going from posterior to anterior, to continue to compensate for the unilateral hinge at the seat of stability (right).

Question 28

What should the practitioner do if the rotation at D11/12 is still present after treating the soft tissue lines?

Answer 28

Test the motor line’s deep intrinsic musculature and ligamentous structures. If the lesion persists after treatment, we can test the kidneys and lower splanchnic nerves ventrally

Question 29

What are the key transition zones regarded as? What are the three key pivots?

Answer 29

Key Pivots: Cervicothoracic junction, Thoracolumbar junction & Lumbosacral junction

Question 30

There are many osteopathic models for treatment; why use the polygon model? Why is it useful?

Answer 30

he polygon model is useful as both a diagnostic and corrective tool because it describes the anatomy along lines of force between hard and soft tissues. Gives practitioners the opportunity to adjust the body to (as Still suggests), we can see how the internal (motor) line and external (lateral) lines interact and ultimately inform the treatment outcomes
Useful for delivering treatment that is effective and efficient based on the principle that the body is self-regulating and self-healing.

Question 31

The internal frame is depicted as a belt that loops around the three main pivots, unifying the internal and external frame. Explain what happens when the belt system is balanced and when in lesion.

Answer 31

When the belt system is balanced, the tension on the belt is uniform and there is symmetry in position and motion of the upper and lower T-lines and the vertical line

Creates a pathological pivot that augments the tension and position of the central belt, meaning the overtime the pivot becomes an extra cylinder. The length of the belt doesn’t change, only the tension increases and results in the T-lines of the polygons being pulled off their axes. The quadrants become unbalanced and now a host of mechanical adaptations need to take place to abate any physiological degradation.

Question 32

Why does classical osteopathy avoid an orthopaedic/eclectic approach?

Answer 32

Osteopathy in a multiplanar and multi-axial practice and does not offer the same treatment twice. There is no treatment for condition A or B, each are particular to an individuated complex of primary and facilitating lesion patterns that can only be addressed with an osteopathic understanding of mechanics, anatomy and their principles.

Question 33

An osteopathic approach has the potential in overcoming pathology, please explain.

Answer 33

All pathologies are dealt with by giving the body it’s the best potential for curing itself by clearing any and all lesions that are obstructing it from doing it’s natural, innate job of finding health and longevity.

The practitioner seeks to remove any lesions that are obstructing the body from doing its natural, innate job of finding health and longevity. The Osteopath does so by identifying the type of lesion, singular, chain and/or complex and allows them to deliver an effective treatment as they focus on the primary pivot points, fixation and facilitation patterns.

Question 34

Why is facet angulation in relation to gravity an important consideration within global spinal mechanics?

Answer 34

Whenever there is a change in the force of gravity through a facet, there is also a change in the angulation of the facets responsible for distributing those forces that then affect physiological function.

Question 35

What are descending and ascending lesions? Provide examples

Answer 35

Lesions stemming or causing the secondary lesion from either above or below
Ie: Unilateral sidebending could be an ascending lesion if there is an anterior tilt of the pelvis straining the hip flexors

Question 36

How may the thorax be divided into six sections?

Answer 36

R/L upper ribs (1st horizontal division)
R/L mid ribs (2nd horizontal division)
R/L lower ribs (3rd horizontal division)

Question 37

What are the paired organ theory?

Answer 37

First division: Heart & Lungs
Second division: Stomach & Liver
Third: Kidney, Bladder, Small & Large Intestine

Question 38

Why do we treat the MSK system?

Answer 38

Gateway to return the blood flow back to its natural state

Question 39

What are the slope and pitch of the thorax? How is this clinically useful in conjunction with the 6th divisions?

Answer 39

The divisions assists practitioners to better see patterns of lesioning which they can then categorize into slope and pitch

The direction of slope of the thorax has to do with sidebending and rotation

Pitch, or the angulation of the thorax corresponds to flexion/extension of the pelvis

Question 40

What are thoracic strain patterns?

Answer 40

How the thoracic spine can be influenced from above and below by the position of the cervical and lumbar curves

Thoracic cage aids in supporting, protecting and serves as a house for various attachments