Osteroarthritis

Question 1

Definition:

Answer 1

degenerative, inflammatory process, causing progressive loss of hyaline cartilage.

Question 2

Pathogenesis (what happens)

Answer 2

– Cartilage loss (on weight-bearing surfaces)
– Subchondral sclerosis
– Subchondral cysts
– Osteophytes
– Synovitis, capsulitis (fibrosis)
– Decreased range of motion

Question 3

What can cause it?

Answer 3

Abnormal weight bearing or direct trauma.

Question 4

Disturbance in cartilage development can be caused by:

Answer 4

• OCD
• Genetic predisposition
• Feeding, management

Question 5

Which cells do you find in the cartilage?

Answer 5

Chondrocytes

Question 6

What do you find in the EC matrix?

Answer 6

Water high %
Collagen typ 2 
GAGs 
– Chondroitinsulfphate
– Keratansulphate
Hyaluronic acid chains

Question 7

Normal ECM=

Answer 7

Balance between Production, Reparation and Degradation!

Question 8

Who is responsible for the matric degradation?

Answer 8

Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPS) 
-These enzymes are capable of degrading all kinds of extracellular matrix proteins

Question 9

What is PSGAG?

Answer 9

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) is an injectable drug for dogs and horses that is used to alleviate the lameness, pain, and lowered range of motion caused by arthritis.

It inhibits the enzymes that degrade cartilage and bone, as well as suppress inflammation and stimulate the synthesis of replacement cartilage.

Question 10

Clinical signs:

Answer 10

• Joint effusion increase
• Lameness
• Joint range of motion decrease
• Changes in the synovia
• Cartilage damage (OA)
• New bone formation (osteophytes)

Question 11

Diagnosis - lameness examination:

Answer 11

• Visualisation, palpation
• Examination during motion
• Provocating tests (flextion is painful)
• PerineuralAnd instrasynovial anesthesia
• Arthocentesis, Analysis of the synovia

Question 12

Diagnostic imaging:

Answer 12

• X-rays
• Ultrasound
• Scientigraphy
• MRI

Question 13

What is Bone spavin ?

Answer 13

Bone spavin is a bony growth within the lower hock joint of horse or cattle. It is caused by osteoarthritis, and the degree of lameness that results can be serious enough to end a horse’s competitive career.

Question 14

Occurrence of bone spavin:

Answer 14

more often in adults

• Recurrence of compression and rotation
• Conformational abnormalities
  
  • cow hocks
  • too straight behind
• Metabolic causes
  
  • Protein and mineral imbalance
  • Endocrine disorders

Question 15

Where is bone spavin located?

Answer 15

• Dist. Intertarsal joint (DITJ)
• Tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ)
• (prox intertarsal joint)

Question 16

Clinical signs of bone spavin:

Answer 16

• Acute onset of lameness
• Shortened cranial phase of the strait
• Low arch of foot flight
• In chronic cases: palpable bony swelling

Question 17

Does bone spavin increase or decrease after exercise?

Answer 17

Mild case: improves in training
Severe case: worsening during work
-Outside of the hood (shoe) is wearing off.

Question 18

Treatment

Answer 18

I.A. injection into the tarsometatarsal joint:
-Na-hyaluronat
-Glycorticoids
Surgical treatment 
Orthepedic shoeing