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Equine medicine and surgery 2 > Lameness 1 - diagnostics > Flashcards

Lameness 1 - diagnostics Flashcards

1
Q

What is lameness?

A

• Lameness is not a disease but a locomotor disturbance

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2
Q

Definition of claudication

A

• Means to limp. Structural or functional disorder in one or more limbs and related structures

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3
Q

Phases of the stride:

A

Supporting, swinging

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4
Q

Supporting phase:

A

Supporting phase, when the foot remains in contact with the ground.

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5
Q

Swinging phase

A

then the foot is not in contact with the ground.

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6
Q

What are the movements in the supporting phase?

A 
o	Landing 
o	Loading 
o	Stance 
o	Breakover
-	Heel lift 
-	toe pivot
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7
Q

What are the movements in the swinging phase?

A 
o	Flexion (Caudal)
o	Extension (Cranial)
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8
Q

What types of joint hyperextension do we have?

A

 Anormal Joint Hyperextension 


 Constant DIPJ (distal interphalangeal joint) Hyperextension 


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9
Q

Define hyperextension 
:

A

• extend a limb or joint beyond its normal limits

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10
Q

What are the mechanism of the hoof?

A
  • changes in shape of the horn capsule during the loading and unloading cycle during movement.
  • ‘pumping’ mechanism, especially the heel moves, is visible on horse shoe 

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11
Q

What does the arc of foot flight represent?

A

• The flight arc of the hoof represents the summation of all the joint movements in the limb

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12
Q

Causes of Lamness:

A
  • Trauma
  • Congenital
  • Acquired
  • Infection
  • Metabolic disturbances
  • Circulatory disturbances
  • Nervous system
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13
Q

Lameness caused by trauma:

A

(Septic synovial sheet/joint → pain and even death)

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14
Q

Congenital Lameness :

A

(coangulation, Navicular diseases Enlarged synovial channels)

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15
Q

Lameness caused by infection:

A

(Very important! A septic joint is considered an emergency, flush joint!)

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16
Q

Lameness caused by Circulatory disturbances:

A

Aortoiliac thrombosis

17
Q

Other causes of lameness?

A
  • PAIN
  • Mechanical
  • Paralytic disorders
18
Q

What is the degree of lameness (1-5)

A
  • Grade I. : very mild
  • Grade II.: mild
  • Grade III.: moderate
  • Grade IV.: severe
  • Grade V.: non weight bearing
19
Q

AAEP grading system:

A
  • 0: Lameness not perceptible under any circumstances.
  • 1: Lameness is difficult to observe and is not consistently apparent, regardless of circumstances (e.g. under saddle, circling, inclines, hard surface, etc.).
  • 2: Lameness is difficult to observe at a walk or when trotting in a straight line but consistently apparent under certain circumstances (e.g. weight- carrying, circling, inclines, hard surface, etc.).
  • 3: Lameness is consistently observable at a trot under all circumstances.
  • 4: Lameness is obvious at a walk.
  • 5: Lameness produces minimal weight bearing in motion and/or at rest or a complete inability to move
20
Q

Character of lameness

A

• Unchanging – the same
• Changing – better/worse at certain circumstances
o Improving during training/examination
o Intermittent

21
Q

Classification of lameness

A
  1. Supporting limb lameness
  2. Swinging limb lameness
    a. (Bicipital bursistis)
  3. Mixed lameness
  4. Complementary lameness
  5. Untypical lameness
  6. Special lameness
22
Q

Characterize Supporting limb lameness :

A
  • Cranial phase is longer
  • Head and neck movement
  • The problem is usually lower
  • Worse in inside circle
23
Q

Characterize swinging limb lameness:

A
  • Cranial phase is shortened
  • It is evident during motion
  • Usually the problem is higher
  • Worse in outside circle
24
Q

Characterize compensatory lameness:

A

• Uneven distribution of weight on another limb
• Lame one front limb  other front limb
• Navicular disease  sole bruise
• Eg: Severe left hind limb lameness 

o med. Femorotibial osteoarthritis
• 3/5 left hind limb lameness 

o femoropatellar joint

25
Q

Characterize Untipical (Untypical) lameness

A
  • When more than one limb is effected

* Concurrent left hind right front limb lameness

26
Q

Characterize special lameness

A
  • E.g. rupture of peroneus tertius 
  • Upward fixation of the patella
  • DDFT (deep digiatal flexor tendon) rupture
  • Fibrotic myopathy

Equine medicine and surgery 2 (8 decks)

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