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Required formula > Osteoporosis, Menopause & Testosterone > Flashcards

Osteoporosis, Menopause & Testosterone Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis

Osteoblasts

A

bone formation

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2
Q

Osteoporosis

Osteoclasts

A

bone resorption

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3
Q

Osteoporosis

What is the gold standard for evaluating bone health?

A

Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

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4
Q

Osteoporosis

What is the gold standard to measure BMD and diagnose osteoporosis?

A

DEXA or DXA

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5
Q

Which drugs require DEXA scan?

A
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6
Q

Osteoporosis

How are T-score values intrepreted?

A
  • Normal: ≥ -1
  • Osteopenia: -1 to -2.4
  • Osteoporosis: ≤ -2.5
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7
Q

Osteoporosis

What______ estimates the risk of osteoporosis in the next 10 years?

A

FRAX tool

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8
Q

Osteoporosis

Which medications are approved for prevention of osteoporosis?

A

Bisphosphonates
Estrogen-based therapies

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9
Q

Osteoporosis

Which medications are indicated for treatment of osteoporosis?

A

Bisphosphonates
Denosumab
Parathyroid hormone analogs
Calcitonin

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10
Q

Osteoporosis

Counseling for oral bisphosphonates

A
  • Must stay upright for 30 minutes
  • Drink 6-8 oz of plain water
  • Separate from Ca, Mg, Fe, & antacids
  • Dental work should be performed prior ro starting treatment
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11
Q

Osteoporosis

CI, warnings & SE of oral bisphosphonates

A

CI
* hypocalcemia
* inability to sit up for 30 minutes

Warnings
* ONJ
* femur fractures
* esophagitis

SE
* dyspepsia, dysphagia
* heartburn
* n/v
* hypocalcemia

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12
Q

Osteoporosis

How long is treatment duration on bisphosphonates?

A

3-5 years

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13
Q

Osteoporosis

Which agent is preferred if esophagitis is present (due to risk of esophageal cancer)?

A

Ibandronate (Boniva)
Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

Boniva: dose every 3 months
Reclast: dose yearly
CI: hypocalcemia
Warnings: renal impairment

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14
Q

Osteoporosis

Bisphosphonates MOA

A

inhibit osteoclast activity & bone resorption

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15
Q

Osteoporosis

Raloxifene MOA

A

SERM that ↓bone resorption

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16
Q

Osteoporosis

Raloxifene Boxed Warning

A

↑ risk of VTE (↑ risk of death due to stroke)

CI: VTE & pregnancy

17
Q

Osetoporosis

Raloxifene SE

A
  • hot flashes
  • peripheral edema
  • arthalgia
  • leg cramps

CI: VTE, pregnancy

18
Q

Osteoporosis

Calcitonin MOA

A

inhibits bone resportion by osteoclasts

Brand: Miacalcin

19
Q

Osteoporosis

Calcitonin Warnings

A
  • hypocalcemia
  • ↑ risk of malignancy
  • hypersensitivity rxns to salmon-derived products

nasal spary
one nostril daily (alternate nostril daily)

20
Q

Osteoporosis

Parathyroid hormone MOA

A

analogs of human parathyroid hormone and increases bone formation

21
Q

Osteoporosis

Parathyroid hormone analog cumulative lifetime treatment duration

A

2 years or less

22
Q

Osteoporosis

Parathyroid hormone analogs warnings & side effects

A

Warnings
* Osteosarcoma
* hypocalcemia

SE
* Arthalgias
* leg cramps
* nausea
* orthostasis/dizziness

23
Q

Osteoporosis

Prolia MOA

A

mab that binds to RANKL to prevent osteoclast formation

Denusomab

Required formula (8 decks)

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