Formulas Flashcards by Nirjan Bhattarai

1 cup

8 oz

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1 pint

16 oz

or 2 cups

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1 quart

2 pints

or 4 cups

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1 gallon

4 quarts

Or 8 pints

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1 oz

28.4 grams
30 mL

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mEq to mmol

1:1 (monovalent ions)
1:0.5 (divalent ions)

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1 inch

2.54 centimeters

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Specific gravity

weight of substance (g) / weight of equal volume of water (g) or g/mL

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Osmolarity equation

(wt of substance/MW) * (# of particle) * x 1,000

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Isotonicity (E Value)

(58.5 * i) / (MW of drug * 1.8)

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Carbs, protein (enteral)

4 Kcal/grams

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Fat (enteral)

9 Kcal/grams

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dextrose (parenteral)

3.4 kCal/gram

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Amino acid solution (parenteral)

4 kCal/gram

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Intralipid (parenteral)

ILE 10% = 1.1 kcal/gram
ILE 20% = 2.0 kcal/gram
ILE 30% = 3.0 kcal/gram

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Determining fluid needs

when weight > 20 kg: 1,500 mL + (20 mL) (weight in kg - 20)
can estimate using 30-40 mL/kg/day

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Total energy expenditure

BEE * activity factor * stress factor

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Grams of nitrogen from protein

protein intake/6.25

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Corrected Calcium
when albumin < 3.5 & not needed with ionized Ca2+

Ca (reported) + [(4 - albumin) * (0.8)]

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BMI calculation

[weight (lb) / height (inches)^2] * 703

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IBW (males)

50 kg + [(2.3 kg)*(number of inches over 5 feet)]

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IBW (females)

45.5 kg + [(2.3 kg)*(number of inches over 5 feet)]

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AdjBW

IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)

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Which weight to use for drug dosing?

Underweight? use TBW
If normal or obese? use TBW for most drugs

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Which drugs would you use IBW to dose?

Acyclovir, Aminophylline, LT4, Theophylline (normal weight or obese)

Which drug would you use AdjBW to dose?

aminoglycosides (obese)

Dehydration

BUN/SCr ratio > 20:1

pH < 7.35

acidosis

pH > 7.45

alkalosis

Anion gap

Na - Cl - HCO3

Absolute Neutrophil Count

WBC * [(% segs + % bands)/100]

degrees celsius from farenheight

(F - 32) /18

Farenheight from degrees celsius

(C * 1.8) + 32

Insulin-to-carb ratio (regular insulin)

**Rule of 450** 450/TDD of insulin = grams of carb covered by 1 unit of regular insulin

Insulin-to-carb ratio (rapid-acting insulin)

**Rule of 500** 500/TDD of insulin = grams of carb covered by 1 unit of rapid insulin

Correction factor (regular insulin)

**rule of 1,500** 1,500/TDD of insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of regular insulin

Correction factor (rapid acting insulin)

**rule of 1,800** 1,800/TDD of insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of rapid insulin

Initiating Basal-Bolus insulin in T1DM

1. Calculate TDD using 0.5 units/kg/day using TBW 2. Divide into 1/2 basal & 1/2 bolus. If using NPH/R, use 2/3 & 1/3 3. Split rapid acting among meals

Correction dose

[(blood glucose now) - (target blood glucose)]/correction factor

Friedewald equations

LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5) **Do not use if TG > 400**

amount of drug in body/concentration of drug in plasma

(F*dose)/AUC or Ke * Vd

elimination rate constant (Ke)

Cl/Vd

Half-life

0.693/Ke

Loading dose

(desired conc. * Vd) / F

MAP

[(2x diastolic pressure) + systolic pressure] / 3

phenytoin (total) correct for low albumin < 3.5

total phenytoin / (0.2*albumin) + 0.1

KCl solution to tablets

KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL

Calcium salts

Calcium carbonate = 40% elemental Ca++ Calcium citrate = 21% elemental Ca++

Aminophylline to Theophylline

multiply by 0.8 **ATM**

Statins

pitavastatin 2 mg = rosuvastatin 5mg = atorvastatin 10mg = simvastatin 20mg = lovastatin 40mg = pravastatin 40mg = fluvastatin 80mg

metoprolol IV to PO

1:2.5

Loops (dose conversion)

Ethacrynic acid 50mg = furosomide 40mg = Torsemide 20mg = bumex 1mg

Loops (IV to PO)

Lasix: 1:2 & everything else 1:1

Iron, elemental

Ferrous sulfate = 20% elemental iron (e.g. 325 * 0.20 = 65mg)

Insulin (dose conversion)

usually 1:1 Exceptions: - NPH dosed BID --> glargine dosed daily, use 80% of NPH - Toujeo --> other forms of glargine or detemir, use 80% of Toujeo

LT4 IV to PO

0.75:1

Steroids (dose conversion)

cortisone 25mg = hydrocortisone 20mg = prednisone 5mg = prednisolone 5mg = methylprednisolone 4mg = triamcinolone 4mg = dexamethasone 0.75mg = betamethasone 0.6mg

Lithium (syrup to lithium carbonate)

5 mL lithium citrate syrup = 300mg lithium carbonate = 8mEq Li+ ion

mols

g/MW

mmols

mg/MW

mEq

(mg*valence)/MW OR mmols * valence

Time to burn (TBB)

TBB (with sunscreen in min) = SPF * TTB (without sunscreen)

Risk

(# of subjects in group with unfavorable event)/(total # of subjects in group)

(Risk in treatment group)/(Risk in control group)

RRR

(% risk in control group - % risk in treatment group)/% risk in control group

AD/BC

Incremental cost ratio

(C2-C1)/(E2-E1)

Minimum weighable quantity (MWQ)

Sensitivity requirement/Acceptable error rate (usually 0.05)