Osteoporosis And Osteopenia - Week 13 PBL

Question 1

Definition of osteoporosis (and osteopenia)

Answer 1

Systemic skeletal disease, low bone density, deterioration of bone tissue. Increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture

Osteopenia = Milder pre stage version

Question 2

Risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 2

Women post menopause

Age/ previous fracture/ High BMI/ Smoking/ Low Bone Density/ family history

Co-morbities; Diabetes

Glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants

Question 3

Presentation for osteoporosis and osteopenia?

Answer 3

Both none until fracture
Osteoporosis = DXA T score < -2.5

Osteopenia = DXA T score between -1.0 to -2.5

Question 4

Pathophysiology of osteoporosis?

Answer 4

Imbalance of osetoclastic and osteoblastic activity

Question 5

Investigations for osteoporosis?

Answer 5

plain radiograph/ DXA scan/ blood tests (alkaline phosphatase, thyroid function, bone turnover markers (blood and urine))

Question 6

Treatment for osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Diet (Vit D, Calcium)
Lifestyle - exercise to load bones/ reduce alcohol and smoking
Falls prevention interventions

Drugs: Bisohosphonates (Alendronate, Zolendronic acid)

calcium and Vit D supplements