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Maturity II Final > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

Define osteoporosis

A

decreased bone mass due to disruption of micro-architecture of bone that results in risk of fractures

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2
Q

How is bone mineral density measured and what is the threshold for osteoporosis?

A

DEXA; 2.5 S.D. below peak one mass at 20 y.o.

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3
Q

What is the softening of bone?

A

osteomalacia

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4
Q

What is decreasing of bone density?

A

osteoporosis

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5
Q

What is too little bone; low bone mass called?

A

osteopenia

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6
Q

What is primary osteoporosis?

A

Most common and not related to any underlying cause,

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7
Q

What leads to primary osteoporosis? (3)

A
  • postmenopausal
  • idiopathic
  • senile (>70 y.o.)
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8
Q

What is secondary osteoporosis?

A

osteoporosis associated with other disease or medication.

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9
Q

What age can you get secondary osteoporosis?

A

any age

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10
Q

What two hormone deficiency can lead to primary osteop?

A

estrogen, testoterone

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11
Q

What excessive intake can lead to osteop?

A

vitamin A

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12
Q

Prolonged use of what three drugs can lead to secondary osteop?

A
  • corticosteroid
  • Heparin
  • anticonvulsant
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13
Q

What is the most common metabolic bone disease?

A

osteop

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14
Q

What is the top 4 fracture sites due to osteop?

A
  1. vertebral
  2. wrist
  3. hip
  4. pelvic
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15
Q

What is the outer portion of the bone called and it makes up for what % of the bone in the body?

A

cortical; 80%

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16
Q

What is the spongy inner portion of the bone called?

A

trabecular

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17
Q

What age does bone mass peak?

A

25-35

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18
Q

What is the bone resorption called?

A

osteoclasts

19
Q

What is the bone formation called?

A

osteoblasts

20
Q

How much bone is remodeled annually?

A

5-10%

21
Q

Where does 80% of bone remodelling occur?

A

trabecular bone mostly in the vertebrae

22
Q

What are some bone growth stimulators? (3)

A

Parathyroid hormone
Thyroid hormone
Growth hormone

23
Q

What are 2 inhibitors (hormones) for bone growth?

A

Adrenal corticosteroid & Calcitonin

24
Q

Female/Males when do they start to loss 1% bone density a year?

A

women: 30-50
men: 50-55

25
Q

How is bone density diagnosed? 2

A

X-ray

24 hour urine collection

26
Q

Where is the Gold Standard for bone mineral density check and the thresholds for diagnosing osteopenia, normal, osteop, and fragility fracture?

A 
@ femoral neck
normal <1
osteopenia 1-2.5
osteop >2.5
fragility fracture >3.5
27
Q

What is the 1st line drug for prevention & treatment of osteop?

A

Bisphophonate

28
Q

How does bisphonophonate work to prevent osteop?

A

decreases bone resorption via osteoclast

29
Q

How does Calcitonin work to prevent osteop?

A

decreases Ca2+ levels by suppressing osteoclast activity

30
Q

What is a valid fall risk assessment for elderly? (3)

A

Fall Efficacy Scale and ABC (activity specific balance confidence Scale, Berg Balance Scale

31
Q

For Berg Balance Scale what score is associated with increased fall risk?

A

Berg Balance Scale score of <45

32
Q

What motions lead to vertebral fractures?

A

trunk flexion and rotation

33
Q

What are the 3 components of a successful exercise?

A

site specific
overload
safe

34
Q

What is the most common acute orthopedic problem in the elderly?

A

Hip fx

35
Q

What is the mortality rate of hip fx?

A

2-40%

36
Q

24% of pt over the age of what die in the year of the hip fx?

A

50 y.o

37
Q

What is type I hip fx?

A

Post. hip dislocation and fx of head inferior to fovea

38
Q

what is type II hip fx?

A

Post hip dislocation and fx of head superior to fovea

39
Q

what is type III hip fx?

A

type I or II with femoral neck fx

40
Q

What is ype IV hip fx?

A

type I or II with acetabular rim fx

41
Q

What is Garden’s Class I hip fracture?

A

valgus impaction of femoral head, incomplete

42
Q

What is Garden’s Class II hip fracture?

A

Complete but nondisplaced

43
Q

What is Garden’s Class III hip fracture?

A

Complete fracture displaced <50%

44
Q

What is Garden’s Class IV hip fracture?

A

Complete fx displaced >50%

Maturity II Final (12 decks)

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