Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTRS 746 Exam 1 > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

Content: 3 ways to define osteoporosis.

A
  1. Microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to decreased bone mass
  2. Bone fragility
  3. Susceptibility to fracture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Q: Osteoporosis is a problem of _________ peak bone _____ and _____________ bone _____.

A

decreased, mass, increased, loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Q: How many million individuals in the US are affected by osteoporosis?

A

10 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Q: When does bone mass peak?

A

Between 20-25 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Q: When does bone mass begin to decline?

A

Around 50 yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Q: What imaging is often used to identify osteoporosis?

A

DEXA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Q: What is BMD?

A

Body mass density - comes from a DEXA test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Defn: T-score

A

number of standard deviations from the young adult mean density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Defn: Z-score

A

number of standard deviations from age matched mean density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Q: What T-score indicates osteoporosis?

A

< -2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Q: What T-score indicated osteopenia?

A

-1 to -2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: For every standard deviation below the norm, the risk of fractures triples.

A

False: doubles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Q: When does the z-score apply for osteoporosis?

A

pre-menopausal females and males < 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Q: What is FRAX?

A

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Q: What does FRAX calculate?

A

10 year fracture risk, for things like hip fracture and osteoporosis fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F: FRAX is the treatment decision making tool in previously treated pts.

A

False, untreated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Content: Primary Osteoporosis (2)

A
  1. unrelated to chronic illness
  2. Related to aging and decreased gonadal function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Content: Secondary osteoporosis (2)

A
  1. Secondary to chronic illnesses/meds that cause accelerated bone loss
  2. Ex. glucocorticoid use, hyperthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Content: Risk factors for Osteoporosis (10 - general idea)

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Low Ca intake
  3. Low vitamin D stores
  4. Tobacco and alcohol us
  5. Prior history of fracture
  6. Medications
  7. Malabsorpation
  8. Excessive urinary calcium
  9. Overactive thyroid gland
  10. Other medical conditions
20
Q

Content: Secondary Evaluation of Osteoporosis (7)

A
  1. Comprehensive metabolic panel
  2. CBC
  3. 24 hour urine for Ca, creatinine, Na
  4. 25-Hydroxy Vit D
  5. TSH
  6. SPEP/UPEP if anemic
  7. PTH
21
Q

Q: How do you assess fall risk?

A

TUG - Timed get up and go

22
Q

Content: TUG (5)

A
  1. Stand from a seated position
  2. Walk ~10 ft
  3. Turn around
  4. Return to seated position in chair
  5. Normal time < 10 seconds
23
Q

Content: Life choices and bone health (5)

A
  1. Adequate Ca intake (~1200 mg/day)
  2. Optimal Vit D levels
  3. WB exercise
  4. Avoid tobacco use
  5. Avoid excessive alcohol use
24
Q

Q: How much Ca is in 8 oz of milk?

A

300 mg

25
Q

Q: What calcium supplements are available?

A
  1. Calcium carbonate
  2. Calcium citrate
26
Q

Content: Calcium carbonate (2)

A
  1. Needs stomach acid for absorption
  2. Taken with meals
27
Q

Content: Calcium citrate

A

Can be taken with or without food

28
Q

Content: Calcium supplements (2)

A
  1. Limit to ~500 mg in a dose
  2. May cause constipation
29
Q

Content: Vitamin D supplementation (5)

A
  1. Vit D2 - ergocalciferol
  2. Vit D3 - cholecalciferol
  3. supplementation guided by 250HD value
  4. Can be taken with or without food
  5. Safe upper limite = 2,000IU
30
Q

Diagram: Vit D formation

A
31
Q

Q: What is the recommendation for exercise to prevent osteoporosis?

A

30 min, most days of running, walking, or elliptical + muscle stregnthening and balance exercises

32
Q

T/F: WB activities decrease BMD.

A

False

33
Q

T/F: High impact WB exercise increased BMD by 1-2% at the spine and hip.

A

True

34
Q

Q: What type of training increased spine BMD?

A

Resistance

35
Q

Q: What type of training increased hip BMD?

A

high impact

36
Q

T/F: Menstraul cycle effects gains in BMD.

A

True

37
Q

Q: Who will be referred to PT for osteoporosis type treatment?

A

Those at increased risk or fall, unstable gait, weakness

38
Q

Q: What are pharmacologica treatment options for low bone mass? (4)

A
  1. Bisphosphonate
  2. Teriparatide
  3. Denosumab
  4. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
39
Q

Content: Types of Bisphosphonates (4)

A
  1. Alendronate -wkly
  2. Risedronate - wkly/moly
  3. Ibandronate - moly/IV every 3 mo
  4. Zolendronic Acid - IV annually
40
Q

Diagram: Mechanism of Action of Bisphosphonates - Osteoclasts are targets

A
41
Q

Content: Side Effects of Bisphosphonates (6)

A
  1. Upper GI irritation
  2. Osteonecrosis of the jaw
  3. Severe musculoskeletal pain
  4. HypoCa
  5. Scleritis
  6. Atypical femur fractures
42
Q

Content: Teriparatide (2)

A
  1. Anabolic (bone building agent)
  2. Daily injection
43
Q

Content: Denosumab (3)

A
  1. Inhibits osteoclast function
  2. Decreases bone resorption
  3. Consider in pts. with kidney dysfunction
44
Q

Q: What medications put you at high risk for osteoporosis? (3)

A
  1. Steroids
  2. Aromatase inhibitors
  3. Androgen deprivation therapy
45
Q

Q: For bone health how often should bone density be evaluated?

A

On treatment = every 1-2 years

Not on treatment = every 2 years

PTRS 746 Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions