Osteoporosis Flashcards
What does the term ‘osteoporosis’ mean?
Chronic, progressive thinning of the bone (porous bone)
The term originates from the Greek roots ‘osteo-‘ meaning bone and ‘-porosis’ meaning porous.
What is characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD)?
Osteoporosis
This condition leads to bone fragility and an increased risk of fracture.
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Conventionally by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA scan)
A T-Score lower than -2.5 on a DXA scan indicates osteoporosis.
What T-Score indicates osteoporosis on a DXA scan?
Lower than -2.5
This score reflects a significant decrease in bone mineral density.
Fill in the blank: Osteoporosis is characterized by _____ bone mineral density.
decreased
True or False: Osteoporosis leads to increased bone strength.
False
Osteoporosis leads to bone fragility.
What does ‘BMD’ stand for?
Bone mineral density
What is the Greek root for ‘bone’ in osteoporosis?
osteo-
What is the Greek root meaning ‘porous’ in osteoporosis?
-porosis
What is a major risk factor for osteoporosis related to age?
Increasing age - over 30 years of age, ability to retain calcium lowers
This indicates that the risk of osteoporosis increases as individuals age, particularly after 30.
What hormonal change in women contributes to osteoporosis post-menopause?
Estrogen would normally suppress osteoclast activity, reducing bone breakdown
After menopause, estrogen levels drop, leading to increased osteoclast activity and bone loss.
List three dietary factors that can contribute to osteoporosis risk.
- High acid-forming diet (high in sugars and proteins)
- Low in minerals
- Excess sodium, caffeine, fizzy drinks
A poor diet lacking in essential minerals and high in harmful substances can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
What is a significant medication risk factor for osteoporosis?
Long-term corticosteroid therapy (> six months)
Corticosteroids can interfere with bone health and increase the likelihood of developing osteoporosis.
Name two gastrointestinal diseases that can increase the risk of osteoporosis.
- Liver disease
- Malabsorption syndromes
These conditions can affect nutrient absorption, including calcium, which is essential for bone health.
True or False: Low stomach acidity can assist in the absorption of calcium.
False
Low stomach acidity hinders the ionization of calcium, making absorption less effective.
What is a genetic risk factor for osteoporosis?
Family history
Genetics play a significant role in determining an individual’s risk for osteoporosis.
What lifestyle factor increases the risk of osteoporosis?
Sedentary lifestyle
Lack of physical activity can contribute to decreased bone density.
Name one endocrine pathology that is a risk factor for osteoporosis.
Cushing’s Syndrome
Other endocrine issues like hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism also increase risk.
What is a consequence of low body weight regarding osteoporosis?
Increased risk
Low body weight is associated with lower bone mineral density.
How does high alcohol consumption affect osteoporosis risk?
Increases risk
Excessive alcohol intake can lead to bone loss.
What lifestyle habit, besides alcohol use, can increase osteoporosis risk?
Smoking
Smoking is linked to reduced bone density.
What type of environmental factors can contribute to osteoporosis?
Toxins (heavy metals)
Exposure to certain toxins can adversely affect bone health.
What is a common characteristic of osteoporosis in its early stages?
Asymptomatic until the bone has reached critical thinness
Fractures can occur spontaneously with minor trauma.
Which areas of the body are commonly affected by osteoporosis fractures?
Spine and hips
Fractures in these areas can lead to significant complications.
