Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Special pops Exam 3 > Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

What patient population does osteoporosis mostly occur in?

A

Post menopausal women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type of osteoporosis that occurs in post menopausal women?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type of osteoporosis that is age related

A

Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary osteoporosis

A

Type 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 types of osteoporosis?

A
  1. Type 1
  2. Type 2
  3. Type 3
  4. Primary idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 4 symptoms of osteoporosis?

A
  1. Fractures
  2. Pain
  3. Kyphosis
  4. Loss of height
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What patient population experiences hip fractures more?

A

Men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does osteoporosis impact vertebral fractures?

A

Increases vertebral fracture risk by 5 fold and hip fractures by 2 fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 9 risk factors of osteoporosis?

A
  1. Advancing age
  2. Menopause
  3. Early menopause
  4. Caucasian or Asian descent
  5. Family history
  6. Alcohol/ cigarette smoking
  7. Prolonged inactivity
  8. Small thin frame
  9. Nutritional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two most predictive sites for a bone density assessment?

A
  1. Lumbar spine
  2. Proximal femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What T score is considered normal?

A

Above or equal to -1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What T score shows osteopenia?

A

Between -1 and -2.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What T score is indicative of osteoporosis?

A

-2.5 or lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What score is indicative of severe or established osteoporosis?

A

-2.5 or lower plus a fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each SD decrease in BMD is associated with a 2 fold ________________

A

Increase in fracture risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the preferred site for assessing hip fracture risk?

A

Proximal femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What part of the body is most useful for assessing a therapeutic response?

A

The lumbar spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What other body parts can be used for diagnosis?

A

Forearm and heel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should women get screened for osteoporosis?

A
  1. Age > 65
  2. Age < 65 if 10 year fracture risk is that of a 65 yo Caucasian woman without additional risk factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When should men get screened for osteoporosis?

A

No recommendation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who should have a BMD test? 6

A
  1. All women aged 65 or older; men over 70
  2. Women going through menopause and men 50-69 with one or more risk factors
  3. Adults with a fracture after age 50
  4. Post menopausal women d/c estrogen
  5. Anyone being considered for treatment
  6. Adults with a condition or taking meds associated with bone loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When should vertebral imaging indications be used?

A
  1. For women 70 or older and men 80 and older
  2. Women 65-69 and men 75-79 with a T score -1.5 or below
  3. Post menopausal women 50-64 and men 50-69 with specific risk factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 11 drugs that could increase fracture risk?

A
  1. Glucorticoids
  2. Aromatase inhibitors
  3. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists
  4. Immunosuppressants
  5. Anticonvulsants
  6. Cytokines drugs
  7. Long term heparin use
  8. Lithium
  9. Depo-provers
  10. TPNs
  11. Possible: PPIS + SSRIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much calcium should women >51 and men >71?

A

1200 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How much calcium should men 50-70 take?

A

1000 mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

High calcium intake can lead to an increase in what?

A

MI risk

27
Q

For patients <50 how much vitamin D should patients take?

A

400-800 IU/day

28
Q

For patients 50 and older, how much vitamin D should they take?

A

800-1000 IU/day

29
Q

For patients less than or equal to 70. How much vitamin D should they take?

A

600 IU/day

30
Q

For patients 71 or older, how much vitamin D should be taken per day?

A

800 Units/day

31
Q

Who are candidates for medications to treat osteoporosis?

A

Post menopausal women and men over 50 with one of the following:
1. A hip or vertebral fracture
2. Other fractures and low bone mass
3. T score <-2.5
4. Low bone mass and secondary causes associated with a high risk fracture
5. Low bone mass and 10 year probability of hip fracture 3% or greater or a 10 year probability of any osteoporosis related fracture 20% or greater

32
Q

What are the 2 bone forming medications used to increase the rate of bone formation in the bone remodeling cycle?

A
  1. PTH hormone and analogs
  2. Sclerostin inhibitors
33
Q

What are the 7 medications used to prevent/ treat osteoporosis?

A
  1. Bisphosphonates
  2. SERMs
  3. Denosumab
  4. Calcitonin-Salmon
  5. Romosozumab
  6. Teriparatide
  7. Hormone therapy and estrogen therapy
34
Q

What are the 3 bisphosphonates used for osteoporosis?

A
  1. Alendronate
  2. Risedronate
  3. Ibandronate
35
Q

What should bisphosphonates be taken with?

A

Calcium and vitamin D and with plain water

36
Q

What patient population can use bisphosphonates?

A

Both men and women

37
Q

Zoledronic acid (tx of osteoporosis)

A

RECLAST

38
Q

What should you pretreat with for reclast?

A

Acetaminophen

39
Q

When should a risk assessment be performed for bisphosphonates?

A

After the initial 3-5 year treatment period

40
Q

Raloxifene

A

Evista

41
Q

What are 3 SEs of evista?

A
  1. Hot flashes
  2. Leg cramps
  3. Vaginal discharge
42
Q

What are 2 concerns with the use of bisphosphonates?

A
  1. DVT
  2. increase risk of a fatal stroke
43
Q

What should raloxifene be taken with?

A

Adequate calcium and vitamin D

44
Q

What patient populations can use raloxifene?

A

Women who have conditions that prevent the use of bisphosphonates

45
Q

What does Duavee treat?

A

Vasomotor symptoms and prevents osteoporosis in post menopausal women

46
Q

What is the indication for calcitonin-salmon?

A

Treatment

47
Q

What should calcitonin-salmon be taken with?

A

Adequate calcium and vitamin D

48
Q

What medication relieves pain of recent spinal fractures and reduces the need for analgesics?

A

Calcitonin-salmon

49
Q

For the use of estrogen to treat osteoporosis, what needs to happen first?

A

There must be another indication

50
Q

Denosumab

A

Prolia

51
Q

What is Denosumab used for?

A

To treat post menopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture (>/= 3%)

52
Q

What drug needs to be in the REMS program?

A

Prolia

53
Q

What are the 2 PTH drugs?

A
  1. Teriparatide
  2. Abaloparatide
54
Q

Teriparatide

A

FORTEO

55
Q

Abaloparatide

A

TYMLOS

56
Q

What should Teriparatide not be used with?

A

Bisphosphonates

57
Q

What 4 things are considered High risk of osteoporosis?

A
  1. Men and women with previous osteoporotic fractures
  2. Men and women with multiple risk factors for fracture
  3. Men and women with extremely low BMD (-3 or below)
  4. Those with treatment failures to osteoporosis therapies
58
Q

What patient populations can use Teriparatide?

A
  1. Post menopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk of fracture
  2. Men with primary hypogonadism osteoporosis at high risk of fracture
59
Q

Romosuzumab

A

Evenity

60
Q

What drug class is romosuzumab?

A

Sclerostin inhibitor

61
Q

What’s the BBW of romosuzumab?

A

MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death

62
Q

What can be used as an add on for pain relief of recent spinal fractures?

A

Miacalcin

63
Q

Osteoanabolic agents should be followed by what 2 medications?

A
  1. Bisphosphonates
    2, Denosumab
64
Q

What drug is a RANK-L inhibitor?

A

Densosumab

Special pops Exam 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions