OSTEOPOROSIS

Question 1

What is osteoporosis?

Question 2

Pathophysio of osteoporosis?

Question 3

What is osteopenia?

Answer 3

condition where your bones have less mineral density than normal, making them weaker than healthy bones. It’s a step between having healthy bones and developing osteoporosis, a more severe bone disease.

Question 4

Risk factors?

Answer 4

Unmodifiable
- women
- post and early menopausal
- elderly
- family history
- white and asian

modifiable
- sedentary lifetsyle
- smoking
- increase alcohol intake and caffeine ( reduce calcium absorbtion)
- low intake of calcium and vit d
- over exercise
- chronic conditions
Asthma and arthritis
Long term use of steroids

Question 5

Why steroids is a risk factor

Question 6

How to diagnose osteoporosis?

Answer 6

Use of a Dexa scan

Question 7

What DEXA stands for?

Answer 7

Dual Energy Xray Absorptiometry

Question 8

What is Dexa scan

Question 9

Medications for osteoporosis

Question 10

What are the treatment?

Question 11

Health teaching for osteoporosis.

Answer 11

1. Diet
2. Weight bearing exercise
3. Reduce alcohol intake
4. Exposure to sunlight
5. Use of assistive device

Question 12

What food should be given for osteoporosis?

Question 13

What weight bearing exercises should be doing?

Question 14

What are vit d rich food

Question 15

Whats biphosphonate?

Answer 15

• decrease the person’s risk of breaking bones
• SIDE EFFECTS
  
  • stomach upset
  • inflamed esophagus
• SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
  
  • Given one hour before meals
  • Given once a week
  • To increase fluid intake

Question 16

What is Prolia

Answer 16

• Injected SC every 6 months, to reduce bone loss
• SIDE EFFECTS
  
  • bone pain (most common)
  • back pain
  • pain in arms and legs
• CONTRAINDICATED
  
  • low calcium level - correct calcium levels first before giving Prolia.
  • pregnant or planning for pregnancy- it can harm the unborn baby.

Question 17

Calcium medication

Answer 17

• to maintain strong bones
• SIDE EFFECTS
  
  • Constipation
  • Abdominal pain
  • flatulence

Question 18

Vit D

Answer 18

• helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorous from the food you eat.
• examples of vit D rich foods
  
  • oily fish ( salmon, sardines, tuna, makarel)
  • Beef liver
  • Egg yolks
  • Fortified foods ( milk, cheese, yogurt, cereals, orange juice, plant-based milk)
  • Mushrooms
• SIDE EFFECTS
  
  • weakness
  • nausea and vomiting
  • dry mouth

Question 19

What hormone should be given in Hormone replacement therapy

Question 20

S/sx

Answer 20

• Back pain
• Loss of height/change in body shape
• Unexplained broken bones
• FRACTURES commonly occurs in Wrist, Hip, Backbone.