Osteopathy in the Cranial Field Flashcards
dynamic unit of function
neural system continuous
CT continuous
fluids continuous
Dr. Sutherland
looked at skull
- like gills of fish
- mobility for respiratory mechanism
skull bones beveled
like gills of fish
squamoparietal suture
nicely beveled
primary respiratory mechanism
primary - underlying all physio functions
respiratory - cellular respiration
mechanism - cranial articulations
5 tenets of PRM
1 - flucuations of CSF and potency of tide
2 - mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes, and function of reciprocal tension membrane
3 - inherent mobility of CNS
4 - articular mobility of cranial bones
5 - involuntary mobility of sacrum between the ilia
1st tenet of PRM
flucuations of CSF and potency of tide
circulation and flucuation
- 70% choroid plexi
- 30% CSF extracellular fluid moves into subarachnoid space
foramen of magendie and luschka
intraventricular and subarachnoid space connections
pacchionian granulations
arachnoid
-channels for CSF to venous flow
cranial rhythmic impulse
CSF fluctuation two characteristics:
1. physical potency/energy that acts through body (hydrodynamic mechanism)
- electrical potential acting in positive and negative phases
fluid flow AND electrical property
rate of CRI**
occurs 10-14 cycles per minute in normal adults
second tenet of PRM
mobility of intracranial and intraspinal membranes and function of reciprocal tension membrane
-dura mater to straight sinus
sutherland fulcrum
straight sinus
-origin of the dura
reciprocal tension membrane
function:
-partition, support, shock absorb, stress-meeting
dura
continuous with periostium of calvarium
-forms falxes and tentorium
attachments of falx cerebri
- crista galli of ethmoid
- frontal bones along metopic suture
- parietal bone along sagittal suture
- occiput
- tentorium cerebelli
crista galli
ethmoid bone
attachment of falx cerebelli
metopic suture
frontal bone
attachment of falx cerebri
sagittal suture
of parietal bones
attachment of falx cerebri
attachments of tentorium cerebelli
- posterior clinoid processes of tentorium
- petrous ridges
- mastoid portion of temporals
- posteroinferior angles of parietals
- transverse ridges of occiput
bones attached to falx cerebri
ethoid
frontal
parietal
occipital
clinoid processes
sphenoid bone
attachment of tentorium cerebelli
bones attached to falx cerebelli
sphenoid
temporal
parietal
occipital
attachment of falx cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
occipital to foramen magnum
bones attached to falx cerebelli
occipital
inhalation phase
flexion of sphenobasilar symphysis
external rotation of paired bones
during inhalation phase**
- falx cerebri - anterior
- crista galli posterior
- tentorium cerebelli - anterior - not relaxed
- venous sinuses - ovoid (increased drainage of blood)
- midline bones - flexion
- paired bones - external rotation
- cephalad pulls spinal dura - sacral base moves posterosuperior and apex toward pubic symphysis (extension of sacrum)
exhalation phase
extension of SBS
internal rotation of paired bone
during exhalation phase**
- falx cerebri posterior
- crista galli anterior
- tentorium cerebelli posterior
- venous sinuses “V” - decreased drainage of blood
- midline bones extension
- paired bone internal rotation
- caudal pull on spinal dura sacral base anteroinferior and apex away pubic symphysis (flexion of sacrum)
sutherland fulcrum
floating, shifting point of balance
-common origin of three sickle shaped dura
feels like balancing a mobile on one finger
oligodendroglial cells
pulsate in culture
third tenet of PRM
inherent motility of CNS
- oligodendroglial pulsations
- pulsatile CSF and brain motion detectable on MR imaging
rams horn
coiling and uncoiling of hemi-cerebri which changes volume of ventricles and leads to pumping of CSF
fourth tenet of PRM
articular mobility of cranial bones
periosteum inside skull - spolts into 2 layers at suture and forms fibrous capsule over edge of bone
periosteum continuous with dura
movement in sutures - more of resiliency of linging, pliant bones
SBS motion
amplified in vault due to vector arc
sphenobasilar synchondrosis
sphenoid > occiput
ossifies late 20s
flexion - larger V
extension - smaller V
cranial vault
laid down in membrane in uteru
cranial base
laid down in cartilage
bones in skull?
29
bones in cranum
8
bones in face
14
misc bones
6 ossicles
hyoid (PART OF CRANIUM)
first ossification center of sphenoid
8-9 week in utero
sphenoid at birth
central part (body and lesser wing) and two lateral parts (greater wing and pterygoid process)
25th year
sphenoid and occipital bones completely fused (symphysis)
before - synchondrosis
ossification of occiput
7th week of fetal life
occiput at birth
4 separate parts
-basilar, 2 lateral, squamous
all joined by cartilage and form ring around foramen magnum
occiput at second year
lateral and squamous fusion
occiput at year 3 and 4
lateral and basilar fusion
fusion of occiput
giovannia - believes age 5
fifth tenet of PRM
involuntary mobility of sacrum between ilia
motion of sacrum
transverse axis around S2
sacrum during inhalation
decreased lordotic
-sacral base - posterior
sacrum during exhalation
increased lordotic
-sacral base - anterior
flexion of SBS
sacrum conternutates
- base - posterior
- extension
extension of SBS
sacrum nutates
- base anterior
- flexion
flexion
skull wider
bert
extension
skull skinnier
ernie
axes of rotation?
2x transverse
- one in sphenoid
- one in occiput
mastoid during external rotation
moves posteromedial
mastoid during internal rotation
moves anterolateral
petrous ridges during external rotation
anterolateral
petrous ridges during internal rotation
posteromedial
