Cranial Strain

Question 1

midline bones

Answer 1

ethmoid, sphenoid, occiput, vomer, sacrum

flex/extend

Question 2

paired bones

Answer 2

temporal
parietal
frontal
ethmoid
nasal
lacrimals
maxilla
palatines
zygoma
inferior conchae
mandible

external/internal rotation

Question 3

“flexternal rotation”

Answer 3

physiologic

flexion with external rotation

and extension with internal rotation

Question 4

RTM

Answer 4

tensegrity model

guide motion of bones

formed by dura being contiguous with periosteum of skull

Question 5

vault hold

Answer 5

index finger - greater wing sphenoid

pinky finger - lateral angles of occiput

inferring motion at SBS by looking at these motions**

Question 6

motion at SBS

Answer 6

named for motion of sphenoid on occiput

Question 7

cranial strains

Answer 7

flex/extension

torsion (R or L)

sidebending (R or L)

vertical strain (sup-inf)

lateral strain (R or L)

SBS compression

Question 8

physiologic strains

Answer 8

flex extension
torsions
sidebending

Question 9

flexion

Answer 9

around 2 transverse axes

• level of foramen magnum
• body of sphenoid

lateral occiput (pinky) and wings of sphenoid (index) move inferiorly

basiocciput and basisphenoid move superiorly

Question 10

extension

Answer 10

lateral occiput (pinky) and wings of sphenoid (index) move superiorly

basiocciput and basisphenoid move inferiorly

Question 11

torsion

Answer 11

sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite diretion around an AP axis

named by superior greater wing of sphenoid

mirrors motion of basisphenoid

Question 12

torsion vault hold

Answer 12

one greater wing superior

opposite occipital angle superior

named for superior greater wing**

Question 13

right superior greater wing

left superior occipital

Answer 13

right torsion

Question 14

naming of torsion

Answer 14

the superior index finger (wing of sphenoid)

Question 15

sidebending rotation

Answer 15

two axes

• sidebend - parallel vertical axes
• rotation - rotation

sense of convexity and inferior motion on one side

Question 16

naming of sidebending rotation

Answer 16

side of convexity and inferior motion

Question 17

left index and pinky closer together and superior

Answer 17

right sidebending rotation

Question 18

non-physiologi strains

Answer 18

lateral strain (shear)
vertical strain (shear)
SBS compression

introduced through trauma

Question 19

lateral strain

Answer 19

parallel vertical rotation
-both same direction

index fingers shift one way (L or R)

pinky finger shift opposite

named opposite direction

Question 20

both index to left and both pinky to right

Answer 20

left lateral strain

Question 21

lateral strain movement

Answer 21

direction basisphenoid moves

Question 22

plagiocephaly

Answer 22

kids with funny looking heads

-parallelogram heads

Question 23

greater wings shift to left

Answer 23

basisphenoid to right

right lateral strain

Question 24

vertical strain

Answer 24

parallel transverse
-shearing force

rotation same direction

one bone flexion and the other extension

Question 25

vertical strain naming

Answer 25

based on direction of basisphenoid

superior or inferior

Question 26

wings superior, base inferior

Answer 26

inferior vertical strain

Question 27

SBS compression

Answer 27

compress sphenoid occiput along A-P axis

bowling ball head

-no motion

index and pinkys approximate