osteomyelitis Flashcards
which drugs are meant to treat Osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus Aureus?
Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin
What is the MOA of ceftriaxone and vancomycin?
they are bactericidal, inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis
ceftriaxone and vancomycin are for Gram +ve or Gram -ve bacteria?
CEF: broad spectrum, both
VAN: gram +ve , reserved for serious illness
what is the adverse effect of ceftriaxone?
rash and diarrhea. thrombophlebitis. Stevens johnson syndrome
what is the adverse effect of vancomycin?
Ototoxicity, red man syndrome
how to prevent Red Man syndrom e when infusing vancomycin?
infuse slowly or give antihistamine
which drugs are meant to treat Osteomyelitis caused by M. tuberculosis? RIPE
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
how to prevent pellagra in RIPE treatment?
administer vit B6 supplements
what is the initial phase of RIPE?
2 months of RIPE daily with vit B6
what is the continuation phase of RIPE?
6 months of rifampicin and isoniazid, 2-3 times a week
Adverse effects of Rifampicin 6
orange urine, pseudomembranous colitis ( infection of the large intestine), AKI, hepatotoxicity, hyperuricaemia, blood dyscrasias
adverse effects of Isoniazid 7
N/V, pellagra, anaphylaxis, peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, hepatotoxicity, blood dyscrasia
Adverse effects of pyrazinamide
gouty arthritis, hepatotoxicity, anaphylaxis, hemotlytic anaemia
adverse effects of ethambutol
N/V headache, anaphylaxis, optic neuritis
what do you need to assess for toxicity when administering ethambutol?
visual acuity, if patient is not able to perform it -(red-green colour blindness/ under 8 years of age)- substitute ethambutol with streptomycin
