Osteomalacia Flashcards
What are the most common causes of osteomalacia?
- Vitamin D deficiency
2. Malabsorption of vit D and calcium
How is osteomalacia different from osteoperosis?
pain from outset unlike osteoperosis
What are risk factors for osteomalacia?
- Old age
- Vitamin D and calcium deficient diets
- Lack of sunlight exposure
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Anticonvulsant therapy
What are some symptoms and signs of osteomalacia?
- Fractures
- Diffuse bone pain and tenderness
- Proximal muscle weakness
What are the DDx of osteomalacia?
- Osteoporosis
2. Paget’s disease
How is the diagnosis of osteomalacia made?
- with low Vt D
- low/normal calcium
- elevated PTH level
What investigations are you doing for osteomalacia?
- Serum calcium level
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level
- Serum phosphate level
- Serum urea and creatinine
- Intact PTH
- Serum alkaline phosphatase
- 24-hr urinary calcium
What is the serum calcium level in osteomalacia?
normal or low
What is serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in osteomalacia?
low
What is serum phosphate level in osteomalacia?
low
What is intact PTH like in osteomalacia?
high
What is serum alkaline phosphatase like in osteomalacia?
high
What is 24hr urinary calcium like in osteomalacia?
low
What is the 1st line treatment for osteomalacia?
calcium plus Vit D e.g. ergocalciferol and calcium carbonate
What is 2nd line treatment of osteomalacia?
calcium plus vit D metabolite e.g. calcitriol and calcium carbonate
