Osteology, Radiology and Common Disorders

Question 1

Name the 2 sections of the skull.

Answer 1

1. Neurocranium

2. Viscerocranium

Question 2

How many bones are there in the skull?

Answer 2

22

Question 3

How many bones are there in the neurocranium?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

How many bones are there in the viscerocranium?

Answer 4

14

Question 5

Name the bones of the neurocranium.

Answer 5

REMEMBER: PEST OF 8
P: Parietal bone (L&R)
E: Ethmoid bone
S: Sphenoid bone
T: Temporal bone (L&R)

O: Occipital bone
F: Frontal bone

Question 6

Name the bones of the viscerocranium.

Answer 6

Vicky Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh.

V: Vomer
C: Conchae (inferior) (L&R)
N: Nasal bones (L&R)
M: Maxilla (L&R)
M: Mandible
P: Palatine bone (L&R)
Z: Zygomatic bone (L&R)
L: Lacrimal bones (L&R)

Question 7

Name the one only free movable joint in the skull.

Answer 7

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 8

What is the medical name given to immobile joints in the skull?

Answer 8

Sutures

Question 9

Name the suture between the frontal and parietal bone.

Answer 9

Coronal

Question 10

Name the suture between the parietal bone and the temporal bone.

Answer 10

Squamous

Question 11

Name the suture between the parietal bone and the occipital bone?

Answer 11

Lambdoid

Question 12

Name the suture between the two parietal bones.

Answer 12

Saggital

Question 13

What name is given to the point where the saggital suture and coronal suture meet?

Answer 13

Bregma

Question 14

What name is given to the point where the saggital suture and lambdoid suture meet?

Answer 14

Lambda

Question 15

What name is given to the point where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid join together.

Answer 15

Pterion

Question 16

What name is given to an anatomical feature of an infant human skull comprising of soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bone.

Answer 16

Fontanelle

Question 17

At what time period do infant fontanelles close?

Answer 17

Within the first 2 years of life.

Question 18

What are the functions of fontanelles?

Answer 18

• Flexibility eases passage through birth control

- Allow for brain growth

Question 19

What is the clinical significance of the pterion?

Answer 19

It can be easily fractured severing the middle meningeal artery underneath. This leads to epidural heamoridge.

Question 20

Name the four major types of cranial fracture.

Answer 20

1. Depressed
2. Linear
3. Basal Skull
4. Diastatic

Question 21

Describe what is meant by a depressed skull fracture.

Answer 21

A fracture of the bone with depression of the bone inwards. They occur as a result of a direct blow, causing skull indentation, with possible underlying brain injury.

Question 22

Describe what is meant by a linear skull fracture.

Answer 22

The simple break in the bone, traversing its full thickness. They have radiating (stellate) fracture lines away from the point of impact. The most common type of cranial fracture.

Question 23

Describe what is meant by a basal (basilar) skull fracture.

Answer 23

Affects the base of the skull. They characteristically present with bruising behind the ears, known as Battle’s sign (mastoid ecchymosis) or bruising around the eyes/orbits, known as Raccoon eye’s.

Question 24

Describe what is meant by a diastatic skull fracture.

Answer 24

A fracture that occurs along a suture line, causing a widening of the suture. They are most often seen in children.

Question 25

A patient presents with rhinorrhoea, raccoon eyes, mastoid bruising (battle’s sign) and blood in the ear drums following a RTC.

What type of skull fracture are there signs consistent with?

Answer 25

Basilar skull fracture

Question 26

A patient presents with smoothing out of the forehead , eyebrow drooping and drooping of the corner of the mouth.

What nerve palsy have they got?

Answer 26

Facial (Cn. VII)